Joints

Question 1

Synarthroses

Answer 1

immovable, common in axial skeleton

Question 2

Amphiarthroses

Answer 2

slightly movable, common in axial skeleton

Question 3

Diarthroses

Answer 3

freely movable, common in appendicular skeleton

-all synovial joints

Question 4

Types of fibrous joints

Answer 4

• sutures
• syndesmoses
• gomphoses

Question 5

Sutures

Answer 5

synarthrotic

-filled with dense regular connective tissue, allows for growth

Question 6

Syndesmoses

Answer 6

amphiarthrotic

• connected by ligament
• movement depends on ligament fibre length

Question 7

Gomphoses

Answer 7

synarthrotic

Question 8

Structural classification of joints

Answer 8

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 9

Types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

synchondroses

symphyses

Question 10

Synchondroses

Answer 10

synarthrotic

-plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones

Question 11

Symphyses

Answer 11

amphiarthrotic

• fibrocartilage unites bones
• reduces tension and compression
• hyaline cartilage in the form of articular cartilage
• slightly movable
• provides strength and flexibility

Question 12

Synovial joints

Answer 12

diarthrotic

-contains fluid filled joint cavity

Question 13

Articular capsule of synovial joints

Answer 13

fibrous capsule
-dense irregular connective tissue
synovial membrane
-areolar connective tissue

functions to make synovial fluid

Question 14

What happens when the pressure decreases in a synovial joint?

Answer 14

synovial fluid rushes back into articulating cartilages

Question 15

What type of cartilage makes up an articular disc?

Answer 15

fibrocartilage

Question 16

Bursa vs tendon sheath?

Answer 16

• flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
• elongated bursa that wraps around tendon that experiences friction on all sides

Question 17

What is students elbow?

Answer 17

it is pain and swelling (bursitis) of the elbow resulting from resting ones elbows (olecranon) on a desk

treated by injecting inflammation reducing drugs into bursa or fluid removal

Question 18

What factors influence joint stability?

Answer 18

articular surfaces
-deeper socket, vice versa

ligaments
-more ligaments, stronger joint

muscle tone
-keeps tension of tendons

Question 19

Sprain vs strain?

Answer 19

• twisting of joint that tears/ stretches ligament
• no dislocation
• can damage blood vessels, muscles/ tendons

-overstretches/ partially torn

Question 20

Type of movement of a plane joint?

Answer 20

non axial; gliding

Question 21

Type of movement of a hinge joint?

Answer 21

uniaxial; flexion and extension

Question 22

Type of movement of a pivot joint?

Answer 22

uniaxial; rotation

Question 23

Type of movement of a condylar joint?

Answer 23

biaxial; flexion/ extension and adduction/ abduction

Question 24

Type of movement of a saddle joint?

Answer 24

biaxial; adduction/ abduction and flexion/ extension

Question 25

Type of movement of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 25

multiaxial; flexion/ extension, adduction/ abduction, and rotation

Question 26

Which type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 26

hinge

Question 27

Extracapsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 27

fibular collateral and tibial collateral (MCL) ligaments

-prevent medial/ lateral movement of leg

Question 28

Intracapsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 28

cruciate ligaments

ACL
-prevents anterior sliding of tibia

PCL
-prevents forward sliding of tibia and backward sliding of tibia

Question 29

What is the unhappy knee triad?

Answer 29

a lateral blow that causes the tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament to tear