Joints Flashcards
Synarthroses
immovable, common in axial skeleton
Amphiarthroses
slightly movable, common in axial skeleton
Diarthroses
freely movable, common in appendicular skeleton
-all synovial joints
Types of fibrous joints
- sutures
- syndesmoses
- gomphoses
Sutures
synarthrotic
-filled with dense regular connective tissue, allows for growth
Syndesmoses
amphiarthrotic
- connected by ligament
- movement depends on ligament fibre length
Gomphoses
synarthrotic
Structural classification of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
Types of cartilaginous joints
synchondroses
symphyses
Synchondroses
synarthrotic
-plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones
Symphyses
amphiarthrotic
- fibrocartilage unites bones
- reduces tension and compression
- hyaline cartilage in the form of articular cartilage
- slightly movable
- provides strength and flexibility
Synovial joints
diarthrotic
-contains fluid filled joint cavity
Articular capsule of synovial joints
fibrous capsule
-dense irregular connective tissue
synovial membrane
-areolar connective tissue
functions to make synovial fluid
What happens when the pressure decreases in a synovial joint?
synovial fluid rushes back into articulating cartilages
What type of cartilage makes up an articular disc?
fibrocartilage
Bursa vs tendon sheath?
- flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
- elongated bursa that wraps around tendon that experiences friction on all sides
What is students elbow?
it is pain and swelling (bursitis) of the elbow resulting from resting ones elbows (olecranon) on a desk
treated by injecting inflammation reducing drugs into bursa or fluid removal
What factors influence joint stability?
articular surfaces
-deeper socket, vice versa
ligaments
-more ligaments, stronger joint
muscle tone
-keeps tension of tendons
Sprain vs strain?
- twisting of joint that tears/ stretches ligament
- no dislocation
- can damage blood vessels, muscles/ tendons
-overstretches/ partially torn
Type of movement of a plane joint?
non axial; gliding
Type of movement of a hinge joint?
uniaxial; flexion and extension
Type of movement of a pivot joint?
uniaxial; rotation
Type of movement of a condylar joint?
biaxial; flexion/ extension and adduction/ abduction
Type of movement of a saddle joint?
biaxial; adduction/ abduction and flexion/ extension
Type of movement of a ball and socket joint?
multiaxial; flexion/ extension, adduction/ abduction, and rotation
Which type of joint is the knee joint?
hinge
Extracapsular ligaments of the knee
fibular collateral and tibial collateral (MCL) ligaments
-prevent medial/ lateral movement of leg
Intracapsular ligaments of the knee
cruciate ligaments
ACL
-prevents anterior sliding of tibia
PCL
-prevents forward sliding of tibia and backward sliding of tibia
What is the unhappy knee triad?
a lateral blow that causes the tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament to tear
