Digestive System Flashcards
Lingual Frenulum
secures tongue to floor of mouth
Alimentary canal
GI tract/ digestive tract
- mouth, pharynx, esophagus
- stomach, intestine, anus
Accessory digestive organs
- teeth and tongue
- salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas
Steps of digestion
- ingestion
- propulsion (swallowing and peristalsis)
- mechanical breakdown
- digestion
- absorption
- defecation
_______ is the process of transporting digested nutrients from GI tract to blood
absorption
Segmentation
local contractions of the intestine
-mechanically breaks down food and mixes it with digestive juices
Cardiac sphincter
-closes lumen to prevent stomach acid from entering esophagus
Voluntary phase of swallowing
tongue pushes food to back of oral cavity
Involuntary phase of swallowing
- breathing stops
- soft palate and uvula are lifted
- epiglottis is bent over airway
Travel time for solid food? liquids?
4-8s
1s
Secretion of _____ begins protein digestion
pepsin
Which substances are absorbed directly through the stomach?
H2O, electrolytes, aspirin, alcohol
Where does most enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?
small intestine
The duodenum receives _____ _____ and _____
digestive enzymes (pancreas) bile (liver and gallbladder)
Modifications for absorption
circular folds
villi
microvilli (increase surface area)
length (maximizes time)
Function of absorptive cells? goblet cells? intestinal crypts/ glands?
- uptake digested nutrients
- secrete mucus that lubricates chyme
- secrete intestinal juices
Where do cells regenerate?
intestinal crypts
Function of large intestine?
absorb H2O and electrolytes
Teniae coli? Haustra? Epiploic appendages?
- thickening of longitudinal muscles
- puckering created by TC
- fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum
Functions of liver?
Digestive -bile production Metabolic -process fats -store vitamins -detoxify poisons and drugs
What makes up the portal triad?
- bile duct
- branch of hepatic portal vein
- branch of hepatic artery
Purpose of kupffer cells
destroy bacteria
Function of pancreas?
Exocrine -acinar cells make, store, secrete pancreatic enzymes Endocrine -produces insulin and glucagon -regulate blood sugar
