Digestive System

Question 1

Lingual Frenulum

Answer 1

secures tongue to floor of mouth

Question 2

Alimentary canal

Answer 2

GI tract/ digestive tract

• mouth, pharynx, esophagus
• stomach, intestine, anus

Question 3

Accessory digestive organs

Answer 3

• teeth and tongue

- salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas

Question 4

Steps of digestion

Answer 4

• ingestion
• propulsion (swallowing and peristalsis)
• mechanical breakdown
• digestion
• absorption
• defecation

Question 5

_______ is the process of transporting digested nutrients from GI tract to blood

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

Segmentation

Answer 6

local contractions of the intestine

-mechanically breaks down food and mixes it with digestive juices

Question 7

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 7

-closes lumen to prevent stomach acid from entering esophagus

Question 8

Voluntary phase of swallowing

Answer 8

tongue pushes food to back of oral cavity

Question 9

Involuntary phase of swallowing

Answer 9

• breathing stops
• soft palate and uvula are lifted
• epiglottis is bent over airway

Question 10

Travel time for solid food? liquids?

Answer 10

4-8s

1s

Question 11

Secretion of _____ begins protein digestion

Answer 11

pepsin

Question 12

Which substances are absorbed directly through the stomach?

Answer 12

H2O, electrolytes, aspirin, alcohol

Question 13

Where does most enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?

Answer 13

small intestine

Question 14

The duodenum receives _____ _____ and _____

Answer 14

digestive enzymes (pancreas)
bile (liver and gallbladder)

Question 15

Modifications for absorption

Answer 15

circular folds
villi
microvilli (increase surface area)
length (maximizes time)

Question 16

Function of absorptive cells? goblet cells? intestinal crypts/ glands?

Answer 16

• uptake digested nutrients
• secrete mucus that lubricates chyme
• secrete intestinal juices

Question 17

Where do cells regenerate?

Answer 17

intestinal crypts

Question 18

Function of large intestine?

Answer 18

absorb H2O and electrolytes

Question 19

Teniae coli? Haustra? Epiploic appendages?

Answer 19

• thickening of longitudinal muscles
• puckering created by TC
• fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum

Question 20

Functions of liver?

Answer 20

Digestive
-bile production
Metabolic
-process fats
-store vitamins
-detoxify poisons and drugs

Question 21

What makes up the portal triad?

Answer 21

• bile duct
• branch of hepatic portal vein
• branch of hepatic artery

Question 22

Purpose of kupffer cells

Answer 22

destroy bacteria

Question 23

Function of pancreas?

Answer 23

Exocrine
-acinar cells make, store, secrete pancreatic enzymes
Endocrine
-produces insulin and glucagon
-regulate blood sugar