Bone Tissue

Question 1

What type of tissue is Osseous Tissue?

Answer 1

Connective

Question 2

What type of tissue are Blood Vessels?

Answer 2

Muscle, Epithelium, and Connective

Question 3

What type of tissue is cartilage?

Answer 3

connective (hyaline)

Question 4

What type of tissue are nerves?

Answer 4

nervous

Question 5

What type of tissue is adipose?

Answer 5

connective (used for energy storage)

Question 6

Functions of bone tissue?

Answer 6

• support
• movement
• blood cell formation (yellow bone marrow= energy storage)
• energy metabolism
• protection
• energy/ mineral storage

Question 7

Endosteum

Answer 7

-thin membrane lining the marrow cavity of long bones

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

• tough membrane covering long bone but not cartilage

- made up of fibrous layer (DICT) and osteogenic layer (bone cells and blood vessels that nourish and repair)

Question 9

What is the metaphysis also known as?

Answer 9

growth plate region

Question 10

Why can the long bone be hollow, but still be strong?

Answer 10

because there is a point of no stress in which the tension and compression on opposite sides cancel out and therefore less bone is needed internally
-if the bone was completely compact bone, it would be too heavy

Question 11

What is Diploe?

Answer 11

internal spongy bone of flat bones

Question 12

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 12

• when the rate of resorption is greater than the rate of deposition, meaning that bone is breaking down faster than it is forming
• occurs in women after menopause due to the reduction of estrogen

Question 13

What makes up the organic component of bone? The inorganic mineral salts?

Answer 13

Organic (35%)
-cells and fibres (primarily collagen)
-organic substances
Inorganic Mineral Salts (65%)
-calcium phosphate (resists compression)

Question 14

How often is spongy bone replaced? Compact bone?

Answer 14

• spongy bone: 3-4 years

- compact bone: 10 years

Question 15

Why are bones remodeled?

Answer 15

• to maintain a constant concentration of calcium and phosphate
• in response to mechanical stress

Question 16

What cells are undifferentiated?

Answer 16

osteoprogenitor/ osteogenic cells

Question 17

Where are osteoprogenitor/ osteogenic cells found?

Answer 17

in the inner layer of periosteum and endosteum

Question 18

Function of osteoprogenitor cells?

Answer 18

to divide and replace themselves and become osteoblasts

Question 19

Function of osteoblasts?

Answer 19

• bone forming cells
• form matrix and collagen fibres
• can not divide
• initiate calcification

Question 20

Function of osteocytes?

Answer 20

• mature cells
• exchange nutrients and waste in blood
• do not secrete matrix or divide

Question 21

Function of osteoclasts?

Answer 21

• bone degrading cells
• giant cell, many nuclei, crawls along bone surface
• breaks down bone tissue
• secretes concentrated HCl and releases lysosomal enzymes

Question 22

What is the function unit of compact bone?

Answer 22

Osteon/ Haversian system

Question 23

Why do collagen fibres run in opposite ways along the layers of lamellae?

Answer 23

to increase the resistance to twisting forces

Question 24

What is the only way a bone can increase in length?

Answer 24

when new bone is deposited at the epiphyseal plate

Question 25

When does the epiphyseal plate close?

Answer 25

between the ages of 18 and 21

Question 26

What happens in the proliferation zone regarding bone growth?

Answer 26

cartilage cells undergo mitosis

Question 27

What happens in the hypertrophic zone regarding bone growth?

Answer 27

older cartilage cells enlarge

Question 28

What happens in the calcification zone regarding bone growth?

Answer 28

matrix becomes calcified, cartilage cells die, matrix begins deteriorating

Question 29

What happens in the ossification zone regarding bone growth?

Answer 29

new bone formation is occurring