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Human Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the NS

A
  • sensory receptors monitor changes in and out of the body
  • processes and interprets sensory input
  • dictates a response by activating effector organs
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2
Q

Afferent vs efferent

A

A- sensory signals picked up by sensory receptors

E- motor signals are carried away from the CNS

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3
Q

Somatic body region vs visceral

A

S- structures external to the ventral body cavity

V- viscera within the ventral body cavity

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4
Q

4 subdivisions of the PNS

A

somatic sensory
visceral sensory
somatic motor
visceral motor

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5
Q

What are the general somatic senses? (somatic sensory division)

A

receptors are widely spread throughout

-touch, pain, temp, proprioceptive senses

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6
Q

What are the special somatic senses? (somatic sensory division)

A

receptors are confined to small area

-hearing, balance, vision

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7
Q

What are the general visceral senses? (visceral sensory)

A
  • stretch, pain, temp, nausea, hunger

- felt in digestive and urinary tracts and reproductive organs

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8
Q

What are the special visceral senses? (visceral sensory)

A

-taste, smell

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9
Q

What is the role of the somatic motor division?

A

signals contraction of skeletal muscle

-voluntary control

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10
Q

What is the role of the visceral motor division?

A
  • regulates contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle

- controls function of visceral organs

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11
Q

What makes up the ANS?

A

the visceral motor division of the NS

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12
Q

What are the 2 cell types that make up nervous tissue?

A

neurons- transmit electrical signals

neuroglia- support cells (4 in CNS, 2 in PNS)

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13
Q

What are the special characteristics of a nerve cell/ neuron?

A

Longevity
Do not divide- neural stem cells are an exception
High metabolic rate- require abundant O2 and glucose

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14
Q

How long does it take a neuron to die without O2?

A

5 minutes

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15
Q

Role of dendrites?

A
  • increase SA for receiving synaptic communication

- transmit electrical signal towards the cell body

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16
Q

Axons transmit impulses _______ the cell body

A

away from

17
Q

How does axon diameter affect the conduction of impulses?

A

larger diameter= faster impulses

smaller diameter= more resistance= slower impulses

18
Q

What are the most abundant type of neuron?

A

multipolar

19
Q

What neurons make up majority of sensory neurons?

A

unipolar

20
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit impulses _______ the CNS

A

toward

21
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons transmit impulses _______ the CNS ____ the effector organ

A

away from

to

22
Q

Most motor neurons are _____polar

A

multi

23
Q

What are interneurons?

A

association neurons

  • multipolar
  • btwn. sensory and motor
  • confined to CNS
24
Q

Satellite cells vs. schwann cells

A

surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia

surrounds axons in the PNS to form myelin sheaths

25
Q

What cells wrap multiple cell processes around different axons in the CNS to produce myelin sheaths?

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

Function of bear cilia?

A

help circulate CSF

-located on ependymal cells

27
Q

What cells increase blood flow to active regions of the brain and take up/ release ions to control environment?

A

Astrocytes

28
Q

MS is when the immune system attacks __________ in the ______

A

myelin sheaths

CNS

29
Q

Endoneurium? Perineurium? Epineurium?

A

endo- surrounds axon
peri- surrounds fascicle of axons
epi- surrounds whole nerve

30
Q

Afferent PNS fibres (nerves) respond to ______ and carry info ______ the CNS

A

sensory stimuli

to

31
Q

Efferent PNS fibres (nerves) transmit _______ from the CNS to ______ and _______

A

motor stimuli

glands and muscles

32
Q

Nerves of the CNS are composed of ________

A

interneurons

33
Q

Monosynaptic reflex

A
  • simplest and fastest

- knee jerk

34
Q

Polysynaptic reflex

A

-withdrawal reflex

single interneuron btwn. motor and sensory

35
Q

How does neuronal regeneration occur?

A
  • in the PNS, macrophages invade and destroy the axon distal to the injury
  • axon filaments grow peripherally from the injury site
  • in the CNS, neuroglia never form bands to guide regrowing axons
  • no effective regeneration to spinal cord and brain
36
Q

Where are sensory, motor, and interneurons located?

A

dorsal
ventral
central

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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