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Human Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The skin accounts for ____% of body weight

A

7%

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin from superficial to deep? What type of tissue are they?

A

epidermis: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
dermis: connective tissue
hypodermis: areolar and adipose connective tissue

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3
Q

Functions of the skin?

A
  • protection: cushions organs and protects from chemicals, H2O loss, UV radiation, and bumps
  • regulation of body temp.
  • excretion: urea, salts, and H2O lost through sweat
  • absorption: vitamins, lead, mercury, poison ivy/oak
  • production of vitamin D
  • sensory reception: keeps us aware of conditions at body’s surface
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4
Q

The epidermis is composed of_________ and _______

A

90% keratinocytes

10% melanocytes

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5
Q

Where are keratinocytes located? What are their functions?

A
  • located at stratum spinosum and dead at skin surface

- produce keratin for protection

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6
Q

Where are melanocytes located? What are their functions?

A
  • located at stratum basale

- manufacture and secrete melanin

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7
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis (top to bottom)?

A
  • Stratum corneum (cornified layer)
  • Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
  • Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
  • Stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
  • Stratum basale (basal layer)
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8
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  • 25-30 cell layer thick of dead keratinocytes (keratin)
  • continuously shed/ dandruff
  • protects skin from abrasions and penetration
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9
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  • occurs in thick skin on palms of hands and soles of feet

- composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum

A
  • 1-5 layers of flat dying keratinocytes

- contains granules that release waterproofing glycolipid

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  • 8-10 cell layers thick
  • some mitosis
  • contains thick bundle of intermediate filaments
  • contains star shaped Langerhans cells; macrophage
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12
Q

Stratum basale

A

-attached to underlying dermis
-cells actively divide; single row of youngest keratinocytes
-contains melanocytes
~secrete melanin

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13
Q

Callus vs. blister

A
  • thickening of epidermis due to repeated friction

- separation of epidermis from dermis by fluid filled pocket

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14
Q

What is psoriasis?

A
  • autoimmune skin disorder
  • keratinocytes divide and move more quickly through epidermis
  • cells pile up on surface and resemble flaky silvery scales
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15
Q

Process of epidermal growth

A
  • stem cells divide and produce keratinocytes
  • they are then pushed to the surface and fill with keratin
  • 4 week process
  • 30-40k shed/ minute
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16
Q

What is the purpose of the dermis? What are its layers?

A
  • strong and flexible connective tissue that is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels
  • holds body together like a body stocking

-papillary and reticular layer

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17
Q

What type of tissue is the papillary layers composed of?

A

areolar connective tissue

18
Q

Functions of the papillary layer?

A
  • anchors epidermis to dermis
  • contains capillaries that feed epidermis
  • increase SA for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste
19
Q

How are finger/palm/footprints formed?

A

the papillae lie on dermal ridges which elevate epidermis to epidermal ridges

20
Q

What type of tissue is the reticular layer composed of?

A

DICT with thick interlacing collagen and elastic fibres

21
Q

Functions of the reticular layer?

A
  • provides strength, extensibility, and elasticity to skin

- gives stretch and recoil properties to skin

22
Q

What happens with extreme stretching of skin?

A

-collagen fibres in the dermis tear causing pink/ white scars (stretch marks)

23
Q

What type of tissue is the hypodermis layer composed of?

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue

24
Q

Functions of the hypodermis layer?

A
  • anchors skin to underlying structures

- helps insulate the body and protect against skin infections

25
Q

Where are sebaceous glands located?

A
  • palms and soles of feet

- large on face, neck, chest

26
Q

Function of sebaceous glands?

A
  • secrete sebum which collect dirt and kills bacteria on skin
  • impedes H2O loss
  • prevents brittle hair
27
Q

What happens when sebaceous glands become overly filled with sebum?

A
  • they burst and expel contents onto skin or into hair follicle
  • acne results from inflammation of gland caused by bacterial infection
28
Q

______ and ______ is a result of _________ stimulation which forces sweat onto skin (sudoriferous glands)

A

contraction and secretion

nervous system

29
Q

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

A
  • eccrine

- apocrine

30
Q

Purpose of eccrine glands? Location?

A
  • to secrete sweat onto skin surface

- located on palms and soles of feet

31
Q

What is sweat?

A
  • 99% water

- contains microbe killing peptide to eliminate harmful microorganisms on skin

32
Q

What stimulates sweat? Why?

A

the sympathetic nervous system

  • to prevent the body from overheating
  • or caused by stress and nervousness
33
Q

Purpose of apocrine glands? Location?

A
  • to secrete sweat like substance into hair follicles
  • become active during puberty
  • located in axillary, anal, and genital areas
34
Q

What is sweat like substance that comes from apocrine glands?

A
  • contains fat and protein making it viscous

- odourless until combined with bacteria on skin

35
Q

3 cells of skin colour

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

36
Q

Melanin

A
  • most important

- ranges from yellow, red, brown, black

37
Q

Carotene

A

-yellowish pigment obtained from carrots and tomatoes that accumulates in stratum corneum and hypodermis

38
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • Caucasians have a nearly transparent epidermis

- allows blood colour to show through

39
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burn

A

1st: epidermis is damaged
2nd: upper part of dermis and epidermis is damaged
3rd: entire thickness of skin

40
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • rapidly metastasize
  • most common in young women
  • arise from melanocytes
  • risks of sun exposure, family history, age
41
Q

Process of aging

A
  • epidermis thins as germinative cell activity declines
  • melanocyte activity declines
  • dermis thins, loses elastic fibres and collagen production slows causing wrinkles

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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