Intro to Anatomy (Quiz 1) Flashcards
What are the 4 humours?
red= blood/ inflammation yellow= bile/ jaundice white= phlegm/ WBC's black= cancer/ depression (discredited by Vesalius)
When was the first autopsy done?
In 44BC on Julius Caesar
Where was the first medical school to use human body dissection?
In Italy in 1235
Later in 1510, DaVinci does human dissection
What is the “Murder Act”?
1752 in England, it became legal for medical schools to legally dissect bodies of executed murderers. To further increase the supply of cadavers, the government increased the number of crimes which hanging was a punishment
Who was the first person to describe cancers of the lungs as ‘large as an orange’ and ‘stomach of fungous appearance’?
Matthew Baillie
What is the “Anatomy Act”?
In 1832, Great Britain provided cheap, legal cadavers of those who died in caretaker institutions to medical schools
Gross anatomy
can be examined by naked eye
Regional anatomy
abdominal, lower/ upper limbs…
Systemic anatomy
respiratory, digestive, urinary…
Surface anatomy
what do structures look like at the surface of the skin
Histology/ Microscopic anatomy
can not be seen by the naked eye
Embryology
development of body structures before birth
X Ray
- electromagnetic waves of very short length
- best for visualizing bones and abnormal dense structures (tumours)
- only 2D, organs are hard to differentiate
CT/ CAT
- fast, cheap, 3D
- not good for nerves and joints
PET
- detects regions of cellular activity (metabolically active) by injecting radioactively tagged molecules
- identifies body’s active cells which are indicative of increased blood supply
Sonography
-high frequency sound waves echo off the body’s tissues and are used to visualize structures
MRI
- produces high quality images of soft tissues
- distinguishes body tissues based on relative H2O content
- knee, brain, kidney
Integumentary system
- forms external body covering (skin, hair, nails, glands)
- protects deeper tissues from injury
- synthesizes vitamin D
- site of cutaneous receptors and glands
Skeletal system
- protects and supports body organs
- provides a framework for muscles
- blood cells formed within bones
- stores minerals
Muscular system
- allows manipulation of environment
- locomotion
- facial expression
- maintains posture
- produces heat
Nervous system
- fast acting control system
- responds to internal and external changes
Endocrine system
glands secrete hormones that regulate
- growth
- reproduction
- nutrient use
Cardiovascular system
- blood vessels transport blood
- carries O2, CO2, nutrient, waste
- heart pumps blood through blood vessels
Lymphatic system/ Immunity
- picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels
- disposes of debris in the lymphatic system
- houses WBC’s
- mounts attack against foreign substances
Respiratory system
- keeps blood supplied with O2
- removes CO2
- gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in lungs
Digestive system
- breaks down food into absorbable units
- indigestible foodstuffs eliminated as feces
