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Human Anatomy > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the spinal cord?

A
  • sensory and motor innervation
  • two way conduction pathway between body and brain
  • major center for reflexes
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2
Q

Location of the spinal cord?

A
  • runs through vertebral canal

- extends from magnum foramen to L1-L2

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3
Q

What makes up the grey matter? What are the divisions?

A
  • neuron cell bodies, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons

- somatic sensory, visceral sensory, visceral motor, somatic motor

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4
Q

What makes up white matter? Function?

A

myelinated axons

-allows communication between spinal cord and brain

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5
Q

Layers of meninges?

A

Dura mater- surrounds spinal cord (outermost)
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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6
Q

Functions of the brain?

A
  • intelligence
  • consciousness
  • memory
  • sensory-motor integration
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7
Q

What is the home of our conscious mind?

A

cerebral cortex

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8
Q

Our cerebral cortex enables us to….

A
  • be aware of ourselves and our sensations
  • initiate and control voluntary movements
  • communicate, remember, and understand
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9
Q

Transverse fissure of the cerebrum vs longitudinal fissure?

A

TF- separates cerebrum and cerebellum

LF- separates hemispheres

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10
Q

Lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal

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11
Q

Primary motor cortex (postcentral gyrus) of the cerebrum is involved with conscious awareness of ____________

A

general somatic senses
-touch, pain, pressure, temp, proprioception

-involves with spatial discrimination to precisely locate stimulus

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12
Q

Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) is involved with controlling ___________

A

somatic motor functions

-voluntary movements of body

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13
Q

Sensory homunculus

A

amount of somatosensory cortex devoted to a body region is related to the sensitivity of that region

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14
Q

Somatosensory association cortex function

A

integrates sensory inputs into comprehensive understanding of what is being felt
-draws upon stored memories of past experiences

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15
Q

______ and ______ are the most sensitive body parts and largest parts of the sensory homunculus

A

lips and finger tips

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16
Q

Motor homunculus

A

amount of motor cortex devoted to a body region is related to the ability for precise and skilled movements

17
Q

Premotor cortex function

A

plans and coordinated complex movements to relay to primary motor cortex
-visual, auditory, general somatic sensory info

18
Q

Aphasia

A

damage to the left side of cerebrum leads to inability to use/ comprehend words

19
Q

What happens when you damage the right side of the cerebrum?

A

you produce speech with little emotional inflection

20
Q

What 3 structures make up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

21
Q

Role of the thalamus

A

to act as a relay station for incoming sensory message

22
Q

_______ impulses converge on the thalamus

A

afferent

23
Q

Every part of the brain communication with the cerebral cortex relays signals through __________

A

thalamus

24
Q

What is the main visceral control centre of the body?

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A
  • control ANS and emotional responses
  • regulate temp, hunger, and thirst
  • regulate sleep cycles
  • control endocrine system
  • formation of memory
26
Q

Fever

A
  • body temp increases in response to infection
  • body’s perception of hypothermia
  • hypothalamus sends signal to warm up
27
Q

Body changes caused by a fever

A
  • blood vessels constrict
  • muscle tone increases
  • heart rate increases
28
Q

Role of the epithalamus

A

includes pineal gland

  • secretes melatonin
  • under influence of hyopthalamus
29
Q

Sleep: children vs teenagers

A

children- melatonin levels rise early in the evening making them tired at night
teenagers- levels rise much later at night making it harder to fall asleep

30
Q

What structures make up the brainstem?

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

31
Q

Main function of the brain stem

A

produces automatic behaviours responsible for survival

32
Q

What centers does the medulla oblongata house?

A

contains cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory centers

33
Q

Role of the pons

A

coordinated voluntary movements

-bridge between brainstem and cerebellum

34
Q

Role of midbrain

A

relay info from cerebrum to spinal cord

-integrates auditory and visual reflexes

35
Q

Functions of the cerebellum

A

smooths and coordinated body movement and maintains posture

  • equilibrium
  • proprioceptors
  • primary motor cortex

higher cognitive functions
-muscle memory

36
Q

What cells line the ventricles of the brain?

A

ependymal cells

37
Q

Functions of CSF

A
  • nourish brain and spinal cord
  • removes waste produced by neurons
  • carries chem signals between CNS
38
Q

Where is CSF formed?

A

choroid plexuses in the ventricles

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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