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Human Anatomy > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of muscle tissue?

A
  • producing body movement
  • stabilizing body positions/ posture/ joints
  • movement of substances within the body
  • opening and closing of passageways
  • producing heat
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2
Q

What is muscle tone? What is the purpose?

A

-the involuntary contraction of a small number of muscle fibres

  • keeps muscle firm even when relaxed
  • maintains posture
  • stabilizes and strengthens synovial joints
  • maintains blood pressure (vessel walls)
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3
Q

What are the properties of muscle tissue?

A

contractility- muscles can contract
excitability- nerve signals stimulate muscle contraction
extensibility- muscles can stretch
elasticity- muscles can return to original state

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4
Q

How are the properties of muscle tissue characterized?

A
  • presence or absence of striations

- control is voluntary or involuntary

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5
Q

What is the purpose of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

A

-to prevent the cells/ tissue from pulling apart when under a lot of force/pressure

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6
Q

What is the plasma membrane called? cytoplasm? endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • sarcolemma
  • sarcoplasm
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
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7
Q

Endomysium

A

inner most layer

  • surrounds each muscle fibre
  • areolar connective tissue
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8
Q

Perimysium

A

middle layer

  • surrounds fascicles (group of muscle fibres)
  • DICT
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9
Q

Epimysium

A

outer most layer

  • surrounds whole muscle
  • DICT
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10
Q

What causes the striations of muscles?

A

the internal structure of myofibrils

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • to store Ca2+
  • tubules surrounding myofibrils
  • carries the impulse to deep muscle to trigger the release of Ca2+ for muscle contraction
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12
Q

Explain sliding filament theory

A
  • myosin heads attach to actin

- the heads pivot pulling actin towards the centre of the sarcomere shortening it

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13
Q

Spasm

A

involuntary contraction of single muscle

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14
Q

Cramp

A

painful spasm due to low electrolytes

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15
Q

Tic

A

involuntary twitching of muscles normally under voluntary control

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16
Q

Tremor

A

rhythmic, involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups

17
Q

Fasciculation/ Twitch

A

uncontrollable contraction of a small portion of a muscle/ local, involuntary discharge of bundle of muscle fibres

18
Q

What is the role of Titin?

A
  • resists overstretching
  • holds myosin in place
  • helps sarcomeres return to resting length
  • accounts for elasticity and extensibility
19
Q

When does rigor mortis occur?

A

3-4 hours after death

20
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A
  • Ca2+ leaks causing myosin and actin to bind

- can not detach because there is no ATP synthesis

21
Q

When does rigor mortis go away?

A

after 24 hours because lysosomes digest myosin and actin

22
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibres?

A
  • slow oxidative
  • fast oxidative
  • fast glycolytic
23
Q

Which of the 3 muscle fibres are O2 dependent?

A

-slow oxidative and fast oxidative

24
Q

Slow oxidative fibres contract ________ and are _______ to _________ when O2 is present

A
  • slowly
  • resistant
  • fatigue
25
Q

What are slow oxidative fibres adapted for?

A
  • maintaining posture by providing prolonged contraction

- aerobic endurance such as running a marathon

26
Q

Slow oxidative fibres contain a ______ number of mitochondria

A

-large

27
Q

Are slow oxidative fibres supplied with capillaries?

A

yes, richly

28
Q

Fast oxidative fibres have _______ myoglobin content and a _______ supply of capillaries

A
  • high

- rich

29
Q

What are fast oxidative fibres adapted for?

A

walking

-somewhat fatigue resistant

30
Q

Fast oxidative fibres contract at a ______ rate

A

fast

31
Q

Fast glycolytic fibres contain _______ myoglobin and ______ mitochondria

A
  • little

- few

32
Q

Fast glycolytic fibres contract _______

A
  • quickly

- large force in a short time

33
Q

What are fast glycolytic fibres adapted for?

A

intense, short duration movements such as weightlifting, sprinting

34
Q

Neck, back, and leg muscles have higher proportions of ___________ fibres

A

postural, slow oxidative

35
Q

Shoulder and arm muscles have a higher proportion of _________ fibre

A

fast glycolytic

36
Q

When does DOMS begin?

A

8-24hours after activity

37
Q

What causes DOMS?

A

-microscopic tears in muscle fibres

38
Q

What does DOMS result in?

A
  • inflammatory response results in swelling in connective tissues around muscle fibres (endomysium)
  • swelling compresses sensory nerve endings in muscle causing soreness
39
Q

What is the one upside to DOMS?

A

-the tears stimulate increased production of myofibrils and myofilaments resulting in increased muscle strength and size

Human Anatomy (19 decks)

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