Respiratory System

Question 1

4 processes involved in respiration?

Answer 1

• pulmonary ventilation/ breathing
• external respiration
• transport of respiratory gases
• internal respiration

Question 2

What makes up the upper respiratory system? lower?

Answer 2

• nose, pharynx, larynx

- trachea, bronchi/ bronchioles, alveoli

Question 3

Function of the nose?

Answer 3

• provides airway
• moistens and warms air
• filters air
• resonating chamber for speech
• houses olfactory receptors

Question 4

Purpose of meatuses?

Answer 4

to increase the contact between the nasal mucosa and inspired air

Question 5

What structure subdivides the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

conchae

Question 6

2 types of mucous membranes?

Answer 6

Olfactory mucosa

• near roof of nasal cavity
• houses olfactory/ smell receptors

Respiratory mucosa

• lines nasal cavity
• pseudostratified ciliated columnar
• goblet cells

Question 7

What connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus?

Answer 7

pharynx

Question 8

Passageway in which only air enters?

Answer 8

nasopharynx

-closed off during swallowing by uvula

Question 9

Which type of epithelium lines nasopharynx?

Answer 9

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 10

Purpose of pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)

Answer 10

destroy entering pathogens from air

Question 11

Passageway for both food and air?

Answer 11

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

-nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 12

Functions of the larynx?

Answer 12

• Voice production
• Provides open airway
• Routes air and food into proper channels via epiglottis

Question 13

What effects the pitch of our voice? the loudness?

Answer 13

• length of the vocal cords

- the force of air across the vocal cords

Question 14

What is laryngitis?

Answer 14

• infection from a cold that stimulates inflammation of the larynx
• vocal cords swell
• hoarsness

Question 15

What can cause hoarseness?

Answer 15

• overuse of voice
• growths on vocal cords
• inhalation of chemicals
• paralysis of laryngeal muscles

Question 16

What is Carina?

Answer 16

• marks where the trachea divides into 2 primary bronchi

- cough reflex

Question 17

What are the respiratory zones?

Answer 17

conducting and respiratory zones

Question 18

Conducting zone

Answer 18

interconnecting tubes and cavities both outside and within lungs
-nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 19

Respiratory zone

Answer 19

tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs between blood and air
-respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 20

How does tissue change along conducting pathways?

Answer 20

• supportive connective tissue changes from c-shaped rings to irregular cartilage plates
• epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to ciliated/ non simple cuboidal/ columnar
• smooth muscle becomes important as cartilage decreases

Question 21

What are hiccups?

Answer 21

diaphragmatic spasm causing sudden inhalation that is interrupted by spasmodic closure of epiglottis
-caused by gas in stomach, eating too fast/ much and fizzy drinks

Question 22

___________ constricts terminal bronchioles

Answer 22

nicotine

Question 23

______ in smoke binds to Hb

Answer 23

CO

Question 24

_______ in smoke cause excess _____ ______, inhibit the movement of cilia and depress macrophage activity

Answer 24

irritants
mucus
secretion