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Science For Medicine JK > Tissues 1&2 > Flashcards

Tissues 1&2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name some primary functions of epithelial tissue

A
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • protects
  • avoids dehydration
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2
Q

What defines the function in epithelial cells?

A

The cells

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3
Q

Name a secondary function of epithelial tissue

A

Forms glands

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4
Q

What determines the functions of connective tissue

A

ECM proteins

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5
Q

Give some examples of connective tissue

A
  • liquid Blood
  • solid bone
  • Adipose ( fat cells and adipose cells)
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6
Q

What is muscle tissues function?

A

Causes force to be generated and moves things

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7
Q

Describe the composition of a muscle cell

A

Long, thin cells with actin, myosin and mitochondria

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8
Q

Name some other functions of muscle tissue

A

Close down spaces eg bladder

Operates blood pressure

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9
Q

Name the 3 main types of muscle

A

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

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10
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

Integrate information around the body allowing emotion, memory etc.

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11
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies of neurons

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12
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelin (glial cells)

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13
Q

3 ways epithelial tissue maintains coverage of surfaces

A

no contact inhibition
cell - cell junctions
cell-ECM junction

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14
Q

Name the 3 cell-cell junctions and a brief summary

A
  • desmosome (strong, intermediate filaments)
  • tight junction ( waterproof)
  • Gap junction ( allow movement of ions)
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15
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Basement membrane - intermediate filaments

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16
Q

Basement membrane

A

Basal lamina and apical lamina

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17
Q

Do all epithelium cells sit on a basement membrane?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What happens when there is a defective basal lamina?

A

Skin flakes off

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19
Q

What is the function of thick epithelial tissue

A

Wear and tear eg skin

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20
Q

What Is the function of thin epithelial tissue?

A

Diffusion eg capillaries

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21
Q

Cilia

A

Fingerlike projections from apical side
9+2 arrangement
Movement

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22
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase surface area - short and thin

Supported by actin microfilaments

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23
Q

Why are skin stem cells used in MND patients?

A

Good regenerative powers to create motor neurons

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24
Q

Simple epithelium tissue

A
  • squamous - pavelike, diffusion
  • cuboidal - secretion
  • columnar - secretion
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25
Q

Stratified epithelium

A
  • squamous, cuboidal, columnar - salivary gland

- transitional - spherical, protective, urethra

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26
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Look stratified but not as nuclei at different levels eg trachea

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27
Q

What are glands?

A

Collection of secretory epithelial cells

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28
Q

Exocrine

A

Spill out into gut, liver secretes through tubes

29
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormones into blood, no tubes

30
Q

Development of exocrine glands

A

Proliferation of cells still in contact and invaginate and secretions out of a tube

31
Q

Development of endocrine glands

A

Loose contact with the surface and blood vessels grow

32
Q

Simple exocrine

A

Tubular - long thin straight watery

acinar - grape, secrete mucous

33
Q

Compound exocrine

A

Tubuloacinar - salivary glands

34
Q

Mucous

A

Secretion rich in proteoglycans

Proteins with loads of sugar branches to absorb water

35
Q

Serous glands

A

Protein rich watery secretions eg exocrine/endocrine pancreas

36
Q

What does the exocrine pancreas release?

A

Digestive enzymes - blockage leads to pancreatitis

37
Q

What does the endocrine pancreas release?

A

Insulin - packaged in vesicles and released when needed

38
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Specialised epithelial cells which turn muscle cells that contract to help secretion of mucous

39
Q

Where are the nuclei in endocrine glands?

A

In base of cells towards the middle and excretion areas toward blood vessels

40
Q

What are lipid droplets the precursors for?

A

Steroid hormones from adrenal glands

41
Q

Where us all of the epithelial compartment work done by the liver?

A

Parenchyma on hepatocytes which arranged in rows to maximise blood flow to cells

42
Q

What do support cells do?

A

Accumulate and go to digestive system to line bile ducts and blood vessels

43
Q

What do the kidneys do? epithelial component

A

Filter urine and is a big exocrine gland

44
Q

What does the cortex contain?

A

Nephrons and contains capsules

45
Q

Medulla of kidney

A

Made of collecting ducts for absorption and secretion

46
Q

What is the prox tube?

A

Kidneys secrete everything then take back in what they need through the prox tube to take from urine =>bladder

47
Q

What receives toxic urine?

A

Renal pelvis

48
Q

What do nephrons do?

A

Filter blood
Partial absorption
Release urine

49
Q

5 abnormal functions of epithelial cells

A

Over proliferation + over secretion
under proliferation + under secretion
Loss of cilia/ ciliary beat ==> smoking

50
Q

Abnormal functions of pituitary gland

A

Pituitary - prone to cancers

HGH - dwarfism/gigantism

51
Q

Abnormal function of uterine tube gland

A

Mucous gland - chlamydia

Thick mucus and egg cannot move - sterile

52
Q

Is connective tissue cellular?

A

No made from cells but not cells that secrete

Fluid, mineral deposits or fibrous proteins

53
Q

Examples of connective tissue

A

blood/bone marrow - loose, cartilage
mucous
reticular (collagen)
Adipose tissue - fat

54
Q

Adipose

A

Intestine fat in mesentery and found in bone marrow, beneath skin
Contains many small blood vessels and lipid droplets make membrane

55
Q

ECM components

A

Fibres ==> insoluble collagen in tendons and skin
ground substance eg dissolved albumin
Tissue fluid

56
Q

Collagen fibres

A

30% body weight, rope like and strong
type 1 - tendons
type 3 - reticulin
type 4 - underneath epithelial

57
Q

Reticulin fibres

A

Force blood around lymph

58
Q

Elastic fibres

A

Won’t stretch but bend around aorta

Protein elastin

59
Q

Fibroblast ==>?

A

Collagen

60
Q

Ground substance

A

Proteoglycans, glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid

61
Q

Loose connective tissue - permanent cells

A

Fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, adipocyte, mast cells and macrophages

62
Q

Loose connective tissue - transient cells

A

RBC + WBC - pierce into connective loose tissue and move to lymph looking for bacteria

63
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Tendon
Thick collagen fibroblast
Strength in one direction

64
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Sebaceous gland - skin

Irregular and convoluted

65
Q

Abnormal function of Blood/bone marrow

A

Leukaemia

66
Q

Abnormal function of loose/dense

A

Weak collagen and skin pulls off

67
Q

Abnormal function of cartilage

A

Tear - split collagen

68
Q

Abnormal function of Bone

A

Osteoporosis - minerals become thin and bone becomes brittle

Science For Medicine JK (25 decks)

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