Pharmacology 1&2

Question 1

Name some examples of a response that can be evoked from a receptor

Answer 1

Signal transduction
Contractile activity
Rate of proliferation
Secretory activity
Metabolism
Membrane permeability

Question 2

Intracellular receptors

Answer 2

Steroid hormones are lipophobic
Diffuse into cell and effect transcription
NO diffuse into neighbouring cells and target guanylyl cyclase to make cGMP

Question 3

Ionotrophic

Answer 3

Receptor also an ion channel

Fast EPSP and IPSP

Question 4

Receptor alters enzyme activity

Answer 4

JAK kinase - enzyme separate

Question 5

G protein

Answer 5

3 subunits and alpha goes off to regulate activity of other enzyme

Question 6

Adenylyl cyclase

Answer 6

cAMP==> PKA

Question 7

What does the transmitter and second messenger regulate?

Answer 7

Glucose across membrane 
calcium voltage channels 
Protein synthesis
Glycogen and lipid breakdown 
Microtubule secretion

Question 8

2nd messengers

Answer 8

Intracellular signalling molecules released by cell to trigger changes eg proliferation

Question 9

PLC

Answer 9

2 secondary messengers - DAG and IP3

- PKC and calcium

Question 10

Calcium sources

Answer 10

IP3 release from ER
Gated channel
Inhibit calcium transport out of cell

Question 11

Effects of calcium

Answer 11

Target protein
Bind to calmodulin then activate protein
Calcium binding protein eg troponin

Question 12

Drug

Answer 12

Any chemical agent that affects a biological system

Question 13

Affinity

Answer 13

Determined by strength of chemical reaction between drug and receptor - low EC50 = high affinity

Question 14

EC50

Answer 14

Effective concentration of drug at 50% maximal response

Question 15

Efficacy

Answer 15

Determined by how good a drug is at activating receptor

Question 16

Agonist

Answer 16

Mimic normal effect so high affinity and efficacy

Question 17

Antagonist

Answer 17

Block normal effect so high affinity but low efficacy