Tick Infestation Flashcards
how are ticks destructive to their host?
blood sucking parasitic anthropods (blood sucking fuckers)
how long can ticks survive between blood meals?
several years
how are ticks important in disease transmission?
important vectors
what parasite is blood-feeding arachnid?
ticks
what are the two major families of ticks that are of veterinary importance?
ixodidae
argasidae
what is the head of the tick called?
capitulum or gnathosoma
what is the body of the tick called?
idiosma
what does basis capituli mean?
near body
what do chelicerae on ticks do?
cutting blades for laceratio
what do hypostome on ticks do?
barbed, penetrating sucking organ
what do pals on ticks do?
a sensory appendages
label each part
describe the idiosoma of ticks? (shape and leg #)
dorsoventrally flattened, 8 legs
what are spiracles?
respiratory openings
what is the dorsal shield of the tick?
scutum
what are the grooves on the back margin of the tick?
festoons
what is this body part called?
scutum
which family of ticks is the hard tick?
ixodidae
which family of ticks is the soft tick?
Argasidae
Describe transovarian transmission
disease organisms are passed from adult female tick to her larvae through infection of her ovaries/eggs
Describe transstadial transmission
infection acquired through larval tick is carried thorough to nymphal stage and can be transmitted when nymph feeds
OR
infection acquired by nymph carried through to adult stage and transmitted when adult feeds
what type of transmission is each of these?
what type of transmission do one host ticks have?
transovarian transmission
what type of transmission do 2 or 3 host ticks have?
transstadial transmission
what are the 3 genera of argasidae ticks of veterinary importance?
Argas
Omithodoros
Otobius
what is the general life cycle of soft ticks?
eggs -> larva -> two or more nymphal stages -> adult
which tick mostly likely has a multi-host life cycle?
argasid ticks - soft ticks
how many nymphal stages do argasid ticks have? what does each stage require?
2 or more
requires a blood meal from host
which tick family will stay attached to their host for several days while feeding and which tick will feed quickly and then leave?
several days - ioxidae ticks
quick and leave - argasid ticks
which tick family and genera is this?
family - argasid
genera - Argas spp.
what is an Argas spp. tick that is called the fowl tick or blue bugs?
Argas persicus
who is the host of Argas persicus?
domestic fowl and several wild birds (ducks, geese, and pigeons)
where is the Argas spp. found?
US - areas around gulf of mexico
what can heavy infestation of Argas spp. tick lead to?
tick paralysis
which tick family and genera is this?
family - argasid
genera - Ornithodoros spp.
where can you find Ornithodoros spp. ticks?
cracks and crannies of avian roosts and nests, rodent burrows, and resting place of large animals
what is the host and geographic location of Ornithodoros hermsi?
host - rodents
location - rocky moutain and pacific coast states
what is the host and geographic location of Ornithodoros coriaceus?
host - deer and cattle
location - california and oregon
what diseases can Ornithodoros spp. ticks transmit?
Pajaroellobacter abortibovis - (bovine aborption)
Borrelia spp. - (fever spirochetes)
what tick family and genera and species is this?
family - argasid
genera - Otobius
species - megnini
what do Otobius spp. larvae and nymphs parasitize?
ear canals of cattle and horses
What stage of the Otobius spp. does not feed on the host?
adults
how does Otobius differ from Argas and Ornithodorus?
it is a one-host tick
what are the 5 genera of veterinary importance in NA for Ixodidae?
Ixodes
Rhipicephalus
Dermacentor
Amblyomma
Haemaphysalis
how does the scutum cover Ixodidae males vs female?
male- entire dorsal surface
female- part of female
how many molts do ixodidae ticks have?
2 molts
Describe one-host ticks
species that complete both molts without leaving the host
Describe two-host ticks
engorged nymph drops off to molt, feeds again then drops off to molt
Describe three-host ticks
engorged nymphs and larvae drop off to molt
which family of ticks have one, two and three host life cycles
Ixodidae
which family of ticks have multi host life cyces?
Argasid
what is the life cycle of Ixodes ticks?
three-host
what type of tick is this?
Ixodes
what type of tick is this?
Ixodes
what are the physical features of Ixodes ticks?
inornate scutum, anterior anal grooce, lack festoons
what are the two major species of Ixodes ticks?
Ixodes scapularis
Ixodes pacificus
what is another name for Ixodes scapularis?
deer ticks or blacklegged tick
what is the main host of Ixodes scapularis?
white tailed deer
where is the deer tick or blacklegged tick found?
eastern and north-central USA
what is another name for Ixodes pacificus?
western blacklegged tick
what are the hosts of western black legged tick?
lizards and small mammals
where are western black legged ticks found?
western USA
what are the two important species of Rhipicephalus?
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rhipicephalus annulatus
what is Rhipicephalus sanguineus also called?
brown dog tick
what is Rhipicephalus annulatus also called?
cattle tick
which Rhipicephalus is a three host and one host tick?
three host tick - R. sanguineus
one host tick - R. annulatus
what tick is this?
Rhipicephalus
what is the main host of Rhipicephalus sanguineus?
dog
what tick transmits Babesia canis (canine piroplasmosis)?
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
what is the host of Rhipicephalus annulatus?
domestic animals
what ticks transmits Babesia bovis (bovine piroplasmosis)?
Rhipicephalus annulatus (cattle tick)
where is R. sanguineus and R. annulatus located?
R. sanguineus - worldwide
R. annulatus - tropical/subtropical regions
what is the life cycle of Dermacentor?
three-host ticks
what are the physical characteristics of Dermacentor?
ornate scutum, rectangular basis capiutula, festoons
what tick is this?
Dermacentor
what is the most important genus of ticks causing tick paralysis in the USA?
Dermacentor
what are the two important species of dermacentor?
D. andersoni
D. variabilis
what tick is the rocky mountain wood tick?
Dermacentor andersoni
what tick is the american dog tick
Dermacentor variabilis
what is the host of Dermacentor andersoni?
dogs and small mammals
what is the host of Dermacentor variabilis?
dogs and other mammals
where is Dermacentor andersoni found?
rocky mountain region
where is dermacentor variabilis found?
eastern half and west coast of USA
what is the life cycle of Amblyomma ticks?
three-host ticks
what are the physical characteristics of Amblyomma ticks?
ornate scutum, mouthparts longer than basis capitula, festoons present
what is the common name of Amblyomma amereicanum?
lone start ticks
what is the common name of Amblyomma maculatum?
gulf coast tick
what is the host of the lone star tick?
white-tailed deer, other mammals, rodents and birds
where is Amblyomma americanum found?
southerneastern coastal states in USA
what disease does Amblyomma americanum transmit?
Cytauxzoon felis (fatal protozoal disease of cat)
what is the hosts of the gulf coast tick?
small rodents, birds and mammals
where is Amblyomma maculatum found?
gulf coast of USA
what disease does gulf coast tick?
Hepatozoon americanum (american heptatozoonosis)
what tick is this?
Amblyomma maculatum
what is the life cycle of Haemaphysalis?
three-host ticks
what are they physical characteristics of Haemaphysalis?
inornate scutum, palpi have laterally flared second segment
what tick is this?
Haemaphysalis
what is the common name for Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?
rabbit tick
where is the rabbit tick found?
throughout the USA
what is the host of haemaphysalis leporispalustris?
rabbits, group-nesting birds and small mammals
what disease is transmitted by Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?
Theileria spp.
what is tick toxicosis?
ascending paralysis caused by absorption of toxins from saliva of engorged female ticks
what can bite wounds from ticks lead to?
inflammation, secondary bacterial infections, development of hypersensitivity reactions, wound predispose to myasis
what can blood loss from ticks lead to?
anemia
what is Ill thrift, aka tick worry?
anemia, painful bites, wounds, secondary infections, myasis, toxin absorptions result in ill thrift
what tick bite is associated with red meat allergy in humans?
Amblyomma
what are the clinical signs of a tick infection?
wounds/inflammation/anemia/paralysis
how can tick infestations be prevented?
inspect animal for ticks, prompt removal, limit outdoor activity during times ticks are active, vaccination
what treatments are there for tick infestations?
acaricides
