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Parasitology > Tick Infestation > Flashcards

Tick Infestation Flashcards

1
Q

how are ticks destructive to their host?

A

blood sucking parasitic anthropods (blood sucking fuckers)

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2
Q

how long can ticks survive between blood meals?

A

several years

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3
Q

how are ticks important in disease transmission?

A

important vectors

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4
Q

what parasite is blood-feeding arachnid?

A

ticks

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5
Q

what are the two major families of ticks that are of veterinary importance?

A

ixodidae
argasidae

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6
Q

what is the head of the tick called?

A

capitulum or gnathosoma

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7
Q

what is the body of the tick called?

A

idiosma

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8
Q

what does basis capituli mean?

A

near body

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9
Q

what do chelicerae on ticks do?

A

cutting blades for laceratio

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10
Q

what do hypostome on ticks do?

A

barbed, penetrating sucking organ

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11
Q

what do pals on ticks do?

A

a sensory appendages

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12
Q

label each part

A
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13
Q

describe the idiosoma of ticks? (shape and leg #)

A

dorsoventrally flattened, 8 legs

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14
Q

what are spiracles?

A

respiratory openings

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15
Q

what is the dorsal shield of the tick?

A

scutum

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16
Q

what are the grooves on the back margin of the tick?

A

festoons

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17
Q

what is this body part called?

A

scutum

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18
Q

which family of ticks is the hard tick?

A

ixodidae

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19
Q

which family of ticks is the soft tick?

A

Argasidae

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20
Q

Describe transovarian transmission

A

disease organisms are passed from adult female tick to her larvae through infection of her ovaries/eggs

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21
Q

Describe transstadial transmission

A

infection acquired through larval tick is carried thorough to nymphal stage and can be transmitted when nymph feeds
OR
infection acquired by nymph carried through to adult stage and transmitted when adult feeds

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22
Q

what type of transmission is each of these?

A
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23
Q

what type of transmission do one host ticks have?

A

transovarian transmission

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24
Q

what type of transmission do 2 or 3 host ticks have?

A

transstadial transmission

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25
Q

what are the 3 genera of argasidae ticks of veterinary importance?

A

Argas
Omithodoros
Otobius

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26
Q

what is the general life cycle of soft ticks?

A

eggs -> larva -> two or more nymphal stages -> adult

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27
Q

which tick mostly likely has a multi-host life cycle?

A

argasid ticks - soft ticks

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28
Q

how many nymphal stages do argasid ticks have? what does each stage require?

A

2 or more
requires a blood meal from host

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29
Q

which tick family will stay attached to their host for several days while feeding and which tick will feed quickly and then leave?

A

several days - ioxidae ticks
quick and leave - argasid ticks

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30
Q

which tick family and genera is this?

A

family - argasid
genera - Argas spp.

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31
Q

what is an Argas spp. tick that is called the fowl tick or blue bugs?

A

Argas persicus

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32
Q

who is the host of Argas persicus?

A

domestic fowl and several wild birds (ducks, geese, and pigeons)

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33
Q

where is the Argas spp. found?

A

US - areas around gulf of mexico

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34
Q

what can heavy infestation of Argas spp. tick lead to?

A

tick paralysis

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35
Q

which tick family and genera is this?

A

family - argasid
genera - Ornithodoros spp.

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36
Q

where can you find Ornithodoros spp. ticks?

A

cracks and crannies of avian roosts and nests, rodent burrows, and resting place of large animals

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37
Q

what is the host and geographic location of Ornithodoros hermsi?

A

host - rodents
location - rocky moutain and pacific coast states

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38
Q

what is the host and geographic location of Ornithodoros coriaceus?

A

host - deer and cattle
location - california and oregon

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39
Q

what diseases can Ornithodoros spp. ticks transmit?

A

Pajaroellobacter abortibovis - (bovine aborption)
Borrelia spp. - (fever spirochetes)

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40
Q

what tick family and genera and species is this?

A

family - argasid
genera - Otobius
species - megnini

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41
Q

what do Otobius spp. larvae and nymphs parasitize?

A

ear canals of cattle and horses

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42
Q

What stage of the Otobius spp. does not feed on the host?

A

adults

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43
Q

how does Otobius differ from Argas and Ornithodorus?

A

it is a one-host tick

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44
Q

what are the 5 genera of veterinary importance in NA for Ixodidae?

A

Ixodes
Rhipicephalus
Dermacentor
Amblyomma
Haemaphysalis

45
Q

how does the scutum cover Ixodidae males vs female?

A

male- entire dorsal surface
female- part of female

46
Q

how many molts do ixodidae ticks have?

A

2 molts

47
Q

Describe one-host ticks

A

species that complete both molts without leaving the host

48
Q

Describe two-host ticks

A

engorged nymph drops off to molt, feeds again then drops off to molt

49
Q

Describe three-host ticks

A

engorged nymphs and larvae drop off to molt

50
Q

which family of ticks have one, two and three host life cycles

A

Ixodidae

51
Q

which family of ticks have multi host life cyces?

A

Argasid

52
Q

what is the life cycle of Ixodes ticks?

A

three-host

53
Q

what type of tick is this?

A

Ixodes

54
Q

what type of tick is this?

A

Ixodes

55
Q

what are the physical features of Ixodes ticks?

A

inornate scutum, anterior anal grooce, lack festoons

56
Q

what are the two major species of Ixodes ticks?

A

Ixodes scapularis
Ixodes pacificus

57
Q

what is another name for Ixodes scapularis?

A

deer ticks or blacklegged tick

58
Q

what is the main host of Ixodes scapularis?

A

white tailed deer

59
Q

where is the deer tick or blacklegged tick found?

A

eastern and north-central USA

60
Q

what is another name for Ixodes pacificus?

A

western blacklegged tick

61
Q

what are the hosts of western black legged tick?

A

lizards and small mammals

62
Q

where are western black legged ticks found?

A

western USA

63
Q

what are the two important species of Rhipicephalus?

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rhipicephalus annulatus

64
Q

what is Rhipicephalus sanguineus also called?

A

brown dog tick

65
Q

what is Rhipicephalus annulatus also called?

A

cattle tick

66
Q

which Rhipicephalus is a three host and one host tick?

A

three host tick - R. sanguineus
one host tick - R. annulatus

67
Q

what tick is this?

A

Rhipicephalus

68
Q

what is the main host of Rhipicephalus sanguineus?

A

dog

69
Q

what tick transmits Babesia canis (canine piroplasmosis)?

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

70
Q

what is the host of Rhipicephalus annulatus?

A

domestic animals

71
Q

what ticks transmits Babesia bovis (bovine piroplasmosis)?

A

Rhipicephalus annulatus (cattle tick)

72
Q

where is R. sanguineus and R. annulatus located?

A

R. sanguineus - worldwide
R. annulatus - tropical/subtropical regions

73
Q

what is the life cycle of Dermacentor?

A

three-host ticks

74
Q

what are the physical characteristics of Dermacentor?

A

ornate scutum, rectangular basis capiutula, festoons

75
Q

what tick is this?

A

Dermacentor

76
Q

what is the most important genus of ticks causing tick paralysis in the USA?

A

Dermacentor

77
Q

what are the two important species of dermacentor?

A

D. andersoni
D. variabilis

78
Q

what tick is the rocky mountain wood tick?

A

Dermacentor andersoni

79
Q

what tick is the american dog tick

A

Dermacentor variabilis

80
Q

what is the host of Dermacentor andersoni?

A

dogs and small mammals

81
Q

what is the host of Dermacentor variabilis?

A

dogs and other mammals

82
Q

where is Dermacentor andersoni found?

A

rocky mountain region

83
Q

where is dermacentor variabilis found?

A

eastern half and west coast of USA

84
Q

what is the life cycle of Amblyomma ticks?

A

three-host ticks

85
Q

what are the physical characteristics of Amblyomma ticks?

A

ornate scutum, mouthparts longer than basis capitula, festoons present

86
Q

what is the common name of Amblyomma amereicanum?

A

lone start ticks

87
Q

what is the common name of Amblyomma maculatum?

A

gulf coast tick

88
Q

what is the host of the lone star tick?

A

white-tailed deer, other mammals, rodents and birds

89
Q

where is Amblyomma americanum found?

A

southerneastern coastal states in USA

90
Q

what disease does Amblyomma americanum transmit?

A

Cytauxzoon felis (fatal protozoal disease of cat)

91
Q

what is the hosts of the gulf coast tick?

A

small rodents, birds and mammals

92
Q

where is Amblyomma maculatum found?

A

gulf coast of USA

93
Q

what disease does gulf coast tick?

A

Hepatozoon americanum (american heptatozoonosis)

94
Q

what tick is this?

A

Amblyomma maculatum

95
Q

what is the life cycle of Haemaphysalis?

A

three-host ticks

96
Q

what are they physical characteristics of Haemaphysalis?

A

inornate scutum, palpi have laterally flared second segment

97
Q

what tick is this?

A

Haemaphysalis

98
Q

what is the common name for Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?

A

rabbit tick

99
Q

where is the rabbit tick found?

A

throughout the USA

100
Q

what is the host of haemaphysalis leporispalustris?

A

rabbits, group-nesting birds and small mammals

101
Q

what disease is transmitted by Haemaphysalis leporispalustris?

A

Theileria spp.

102
Q

what is tick toxicosis?

A

ascending paralysis caused by absorption of toxins from saliva of engorged female ticks

103
Q

what can bite wounds from ticks lead to?

A

inflammation, secondary bacterial infections, development of hypersensitivity reactions, wound predispose to myasis

104
Q

what can blood loss from ticks lead to?

A

anemia

105
Q

what is Ill thrift, aka tick worry?

A

anemia, painful bites, wounds, secondary infections, myasis, toxin absorptions result in ill thrift

106
Q

what tick bite is associated with red meat allergy in humans?

A

Amblyomma

107
Q

what are the clinical signs of a tick infection?

A

wounds/inflammation/anemia/paralysis

108
Q

how can tick infestations be prevented?

A

inspect animal for ticks, prompt removal, limit outdoor activity during times ticks are active, vaccination

109
Q

what treatments are there for tick infestations?

A

acaricides

Parasitology (17 decks)

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