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Parasitology > Louse infestations > Flashcards

Louse infestations Flashcards

1
Q

what are the physical characteristics of lice?

A

wingless, dorsoventrally flattened insects, 1-8mm long

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2
Q

what are lice obligate ectoparasites of?

A

birds and mammals

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3
Q

define pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

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4
Q

where is the life cycle of the lice completed?

A

on the host

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5
Q

define pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

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6
Q

what are eggs (nits) attached to on the host?

A

hairs or feathers

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7
Q

what type of metamorphosis do lice have?

A

hemimetabolous

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8
Q

what is another word for lice?

A

Phthiraptera

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9
Q

how many nymphal instars do lice have?

A

3

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10
Q

how are lice transmitted?

A

direct contact

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11
Q

can lice survive off the host?

A

only a few days

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12
Q

what are the two main groups of lice?

A

anoplura - sucking lice
mallophaga - chewing (biting) lice

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13
Q

which lice infests only mammals?

A

anoplura

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14
Q

which lice infests birds and mammals?

A

mallophaga

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15
Q

which lice feed on blood and are slow moving?

A

anoplura

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16
Q

which lice move rapidly and feed on feathers, epidermal scales, sebum?

A

mallophaga

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17
Q

are there any mallophaga lice that feed on blood?

A

some species

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18
Q

what are physical characteristics of anoplura?

A

head narrower than prothorax

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19
Q

what are physical characteristics of mallophaga?

A

head broader than prothorax

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20
Q

which lice is anoplura and which is mallophaga?

A
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21
Q

what pediculosis more prevalent in? (age, nutrition, conditions)

A

-young and old
-malnourished and sick
-living under unsanitary or crowded conditions

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22
Q

what can mild to moderate pediculosis cause?

A

-pruritis and dermatitis -> scratching, rubbing & biting of infested areas
-poor hair, feather, and body condition
-restlessness & disruption of feeding, sleeping, etc.

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23
Q

what can severe pediculosis cause?

A

alopecia, production losses, secondary bacterial infections, anemia (sucking lice), death

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24
Q

Do lice transmit pathogens or parasitic worms?

A

some lice spp.

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25
Q

what lice move relatively quickly?

A

chewing lice

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26
Q

what lice move slower?

A

suckling lice, mouthparts may be embedded in the skin

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27
Q

what can you do to ID lice?

A

transfer louse into saline, glycerin, or mineral oil on a microscope slide, use forceps or needle moistened w/ same liquid

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28
Q

what are treatments for louse infestations?

A

insecticides, antiparisitic drugs

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29
Q

what are prevention & control methods for louse infections?

A

-disinfect environment and fomites
-prevent clean or recently treated animals from exposure to infested animals, fomites, and environments

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30
Q

what pathogens are known to be transmitted by poultry lice?

A

none

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31
Q

what can heavy poultry lice infestations cause?

A

feather loss, lameness, reduced weight gain, decreased reproductive/laying performance, death

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32
Q

which is the chicken body louse?

A

Menacanthus stramineus

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33
Q

what is the shaft louse?

A

Menopon gallinae

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34
Q

what louse rests on the feather shaft and then runs onto body when disturbed?

A

Menopon gallinae

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35
Q

what louse eggs are in clusters at the base of the feathers especially around the vent?

A

Menacanthus stramineus

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36
Q

what louse is this?

A

Menacanthus stramineus

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37
Q

what louse is this?

A

Menopon gallinae

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38
Q

Where are the eggs of Menopon gallinae located?

A

attached individually or in clusters to base of feather in breast and thigh region

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39
Q

what can heavy infestations of lice on dogs and cats cause?

A

severe pruitus, restlessness, intense scratching, a ruffled or rough matted coat, alopecia

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40
Q

what type of louse if Linognathus setosus?

A

dog sucking louse

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41
Q

what is the predilection site of Lingognathus setonus?

A

head, neck, and should areas (especially under collar)

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42
Q

what type of louse is trichodectes canis?

A

dog chewing louse

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43
Q

where is Trichodectes canis found?

A

head, neck, tail, orifices, and wounds seeking moisture

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44
Q

what is Trichodectes canis the intermediate host of?

A

tapeworm Dipylidium caninum

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45
Q

what type of louse is Felicola subrostratus?

A

cat chewing louse

46
Q

what is the predilection site of Felicola subrostratus?

A

face, back, and pinnae

47
Q

what type of cattle are mixed infestations of lice common in ?

A

young animals

48
Q

what cattle lice has infestations increase in colder weather?

A

All but tail louse

49
Q

what can suckling lice of cattle transmit?

A

bovine anaplasmosis, dermatomycosis (ringworm), and theileriasis

50
Q

what type of louse is Linognathus vituli?

A

longnosed cattle louse

51
Q

where is Linognathus vituli found?

A

skin of head, neck, and dewlap

52
Q

what do longnosed cattle louse look like on hosts?

A

formed dense clusters

53
Q

how are Linognathus vituli positioned while feeding?

A

body extended upright

54
Q

what type of louse are Haematopinus eurysternus?

A

shortnosed cattle louse

55
Q

what is the predilection site for the shortnosed cattle louse?

A

head (around horns and eyes), neck, dewlap, and base of tail

56
Q

where is Hamatopinus eurysternus most prevalent in the US?

A

great plains and rocky mountain regions

57
Q

what type of louse are Solenopotes capillatus?

A

little blue cattle louse

58
Q

where are the little blue cattle louse found?

A

head, neck, shoulder, dewlap, back and tail

59
Q

how do Solenopotes capillatus tend to be found?

A

in distinct clusters

60
Q

what is the smallest of the sucking lice that infest cattle?

A

little blue cattle louse

61
Q

what type of louse is this cattle infected with?

A

little blue cattle louse
blue patch = infected area

62
Q

what type of louse is Hametopinus quadripertusus?

A

cattle tail louse

63
Q

where is the cattle tail louse found?

A

tropics and subtropics (flordia, gulf coast region, southern cali)

64
Q

what is the predilection site of Hematopinus quadripertusus?

A

tail and perineum

65
Q

when is the cattle tail louse most abundant?

A

during the summer

66
Q

how can nymphs of Haematopinus quadripertusus be spread?

A

between animals by flies

67
Q

what type of louse is Damalinia (Bovicola) bovis?

A

cattle chewing louse

68
Q

where are Damalinia bovis found on the host?

A

head, neck, shoulders, back, and rump

69
Q

what is a distinguishing physical feature of Damalinia bovis?

A

dark transverse bands on abdomen

70
Q

what cattle chewing louse is capable of parthenogenesis?

A

Damalinia bovis

71
Q

which cattle lice are Anopluea?

A

longnosed cattle louse
shortnosed cattle louse
little blue cattle louse
cattle tail louse

72
Q

when do infestations of lice of sheep and goats tend to increase?

A

periods of cold weather

73
Q

what is Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis also known as?

A

sheep body louse

74
Q

what is the predilection site of the sheep body louse?

A

back, neck, and shoulders

75
Q

what is the activity level of Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis?

A

active - roams in wool all over body

76
Q

what is Linognathus ovillus also known as?

A

sheep face louse?

77
Q

what is the predilection site for sheep face louse?

A

face

78
Q

where does Linognathus ovillus spread to at higher densities?

A

other parts of the body

79
Q

what is sheep face louse a vector for?

A

Mycoplasma ovis

80
Q

what type of louse is the sheep face louse?

A

anoplura

81
Q

what is Linognathus pedalis also called?

A

sheep foot louse

82
Q

what is the predilection site of sheep foot louse?

A

feet, legs, and belly

83
Q

where is Linognathus pedalis found?

A

USA, south america, south africa, and australia

84
Q

how long can the sheep foot louse survive off of the host?

A

1 week, transmission can occur from contaminated pasture and housing

85
Q

what species does Linognathus pedalis have as hosts?

A

mostly sheep sometimes goats

86
Q

what type of louse is sheep foot louse?

A

anoplura

87
Q

what is another name for Linognathus africanus?

A

african blue louse

88
Q

where can african blue louse be found?

A

worldwide - tropical and subtropical climates
USA - SW, W, and S states

89
Q

where do Linognathus africanus prefer to be in sheep and goats?

A

back and ribs - sheep
body, head, neck - goats

90
Q

what do infestations occur in of African blue louse?

A

mule deer, white-tailed deer, and other wild ruminants

91
Q

what is Linognathus stenopsis also called?

A

goat sucking louse

92
Q

where is the goat sucking louse found?

A

over the entire body

93
Q

what does Linognathus stenopsis infest?

A

goats and sheep
short-haired and angora breeds

94
Q

when Linognathus stenopsis infests sheep where is it found?

A

hindlegs and back

95
Q

what type of louse is Damalinia (Bovicola) spp.?

A

mallophaga

96
Q

where are Damalinia spp. found?

A

over entire body of host

97
Q

what is Damalinia caprae also called?

A

goat biting louse

98
Q

what is D. caprae more common on?

A

short haired goats

99
Q

how are lice of equids transmitted?

A

direct contact via contaminated grooming equipments, blankets, and tack

100
Q

what pathogens are transmitted by lice of equids?

A

none known

101
Q

what is Damalinia (Bovicola) equi also called?

A

horse chewing louse

102
Q

where are horse chewing louses found on the host?

A

neck, flanks, and tail base

103
Q

when are numbers greatest for Damalinia (Bovicola) equi?

A

winter coat at most dense

104
Q

what breeds are more prone to infestation of horse chewing louse?

A

longer-hair breeds

105
Q

If Damalinia (Bovicola) equi was found over the entire body of the horse what would that indicate about the infestation level?

A

severe

106
Q

what is harmatopinus asini also called?

A

horse sucking louse

107
Q

what is the predilection site for the horse sucking louse?

A

sites with coarse hair - fetlock, mane, tail base, fetlock area

108
Q

what can heavy infestation of Haematopinus asini cause?

A

anemia and loss of appetite, weight, and vitality

109
Q

what is Haematopinus suis also called?

A

hog louse

110
Q

where are hog louse found?

A

worldwide - wherever swine are raised

111
Q

what areas do Haematopinus suis prefer?

A

thick skin - neck, jowl, flank, inner side of legs, within ears

112
Q

what is the hog louse a vector of?

A

swine pox virus

Parasitology (17 decks)

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