Louse infestations Flashcards
1
Q
what are the physical characteristics of lice?
A
wingless, dorsoventrally flattened insects, 1-8mm long
2
Q
what are lice obligate ectoparasites of?
A
birds and mammals
3
Q
define pediculosis
A
infestation with lice
4
Q
where is the life cycle of the lice completed?
A
on the host
5
Q
define pediculosis
A
infestation with lice
6
Q
what are eggs (nits) attached to on the host?
A
hairs or feathers
7
Q
what type of metamorphosis do lice have?
A
hemimetabolous
8
Q
what is another word for lice?
A
Phthiraptera
9
Q
how many nymphal instars do lice have?
A
3
10
Q
how are lice transmitted?
A
direct contact
11
Q
can lice survive off the host?
A
only a few days
12
Q
what are the two main groups of lice?
A
anoplura - sucking lice
mallophaga - chewing (biting) lice
13
Q
which lice infests only mammals?
A
anoplura
14
Q
which lice infests birds and mammals?
A
mallophaga
15
Q
which lice feed on blood and are slow moving?
A
anoplura
16
Q
which lice move rapidly and feed on feathers, epidermal scales, sebum?
A
mallophaga
17
Q
are there any mallophaga lice that feed on blood?
A
some species
18
Q
what are physical characteristics of anoplura?
A
head narrower than prothorax
19
Q
what are physical characteristics of mallophaga?
A
head broader than prothorax
20
Q
which lice is anoplura and which is mallophaga?
A
21
Q
what pediculosis more prevalent in? (age, nutrition, conditions)
A
-young and old
-malnourished and sick
-living under unsanitary or crowded conditions
22
Q
what can mild to moderate pediculosis cause?
A
-pruritis and dermatitis -> scratching, rubbing & biting of infested areas
-poor hair, feather, and body condition
-restlessness & disruption of feeding, sleeping, etc.
23
Q
what can severe pediculosis cause?
A
alopecia, production losses, secondary bacterial infections, anemia (sucking lice), death
24
Q
Do lice transmit pathogens or parasitic worms?
A
some lice spp.
25
what lice move relatively quickly?
chewing lice
26
what lice move slower?
suckling lice, mouthparts may be embedded in the skin
27
what can you do to ID lice?
transfer louse into saline, glycerin, or mineral oil on a microscope slide, use forceps or needle moistened w/ same liquid
28
what are treatments for louse infestations?
insecticides, antiparisitic drugs
29
what are prevention & control methods for louse infections?
-disinfect environment and fomites
-prevent clean or recently treated animals from exposure to infested animals, fomites, and environments
30
what pathogens are known to be transmitted by poultry lice?
none
31
what can heavy poultry lice infestations cause?
feather loss, lameness, reduced weight gain, decreased reproductive/laying performance, death
32
which is the chicken body louse?
Menacanthus stramineus
33
what is the shaft louse?
Menopon gallinae
34
what louse rests on the feather shaft and then runs onto body when disturbed?
Menopon gallinae
35
what louse eggs are in clusters at the base of the feathers especially around the vent?
Menacanthus stramineus
36
what louse is this?
Menacanthus stramineus
37
what louse is this?
Menopon gallinae
38
Where are the eggs of Menopon gallinae located?
attached individually or in clusters to base of feather in breast and thigh region
39
what can heavy infestations of lice on dogs and cats cause?
severe pruitus, restlessness, intense scratching, a ruffled or rough matted coat, alopecia
40
what type of louse if Linognathus setosus?
dog sucking louse
41
what is the predilection site of Lingognathus setonus?
head, neck, and should areas (especially under collar)
42
what type of louse is trichodectes canis?
dog chewing louse
43
where is Trichodectes canis found?
head, neck, tail, orifices, and wounds seeking moisture
44
what is Trichodectes canis the intermediate host of?
tapeworm Dipylidium caninum
45
what type of louse is Felicola subrostratus?
cat chewing louse
46
what is the predilection site of Felicola subrostratus?
face, back, and pinnae
47
what type of cattle are mixed infestations of lice common in ?
young animals
48
what cattle lice has infestations increase in colder weather?
All but tail louse
49
what can suckling lice of cattle transmit?
bovine anaplasmosis, dermatomycosis (ringworm), and theileriasis
50
what type of louse is Linognathus vituli?
longnosed cattle louse
51
where is Linognathus vituli found?
skin of head, neck, and dewlap
52
what do longnosed cattle louse look like on hosts?
formed dense clusters
53
how are Linognathus vituli positioned while feeding?
body extended upright
54
what type of louse are Haematopinus eurysternus?
shortnosed cattle louse
55
what is the predilection site for the shortnosed cattle louse?
head (around horns and eyes), neck, dewlap, and base of tail
56
where is Hamatopinus eurysternus most prevalent in the US?
great plains and rocky mountain regions
57
what type of louse are Solenopotes capillatus?
little blue cattle louse
58
where are the little blue cattle louse found?
head, neck, shoulder, dewlap, back and tail
59
how do Solenopotes capillatus tend to be found?
in distinct clusters
60
what is the smallest of the sucking lice that infest cattle?
little blue cattle louse
61
what type of louse is this cattle infected with?
little blue cattle louse
blue patch = infected area
62
what type of louse is Hametopinus quadripertusus?
cattle tail louse
63
where is the cattle tail louse found?
tropics and subtropics (flordia, gulf coast region, southern cali)
64
what is the predilection site of Hematopinus quadripertusus?
tail and perineum
65
when is the cattle tail louse most abundant?
during the summer
66
how can nymphs of Haematopinus quadripertusus be spread?
between animals by flies
67
what type of louse is Damalinia (Bovicola) bovis?
cattle chewing louse
68
where are Damalinia bovis found on the host?
head, neck, shoulders, back, and rump
69
what is a distinguishing physical feature of Damalinia bovis?
dark transverse bands on abdomen
70
what cattle chewing louse is capable of parthenogenesis?
Damalinia bovis
71
which cattle lice are Anopluea?
longnosed cattle louse
shortnosed cattle louse
little blue cattle louse
cattle tail louse
72
when do infestations of lice of sheep and goats tend to increase?
periods of cold weather
73
what is Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis also known as?
sheep body louse
74
what is the predilection site of the sheep body louse?
back, neck, and shoulders
75
what is the activity level of Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis?
active - roams in wool all over body
76
what is Linognathus ovillus also known as?
sheep face louse?
77
what is the predilection site for sheep face louse?
face
78
where does Linognathus ovillus spread to at higher densities?
other parts of the body
79
what is sheep face louse a vector for?
Mycoplasma ovis
80
what type of louse is the sheep face louse?
anoplura
81
what is Linognathus pedalis also called?
sheep foot louse
82
what is the predilection site of sheep foot louse?
feet, legs, and belly
83
where is Linognathus pedalis found?
USA, south america, south africa, and australia
84
how long can the sheep foot louse survive off of the host?
1 week, transmission can occur from contaminated pasture and housing
85
what species does Linognathus pedalis have as hosts?
mostly sheep sometimes goats
86
what type of louse is sheep foot louse?
anoplura
87
what is another name for Linognathus africanus?
african blue louse
88
where can african blue louse be found?
worldwide - tropical and subtropical climates
USA - SW, W, and S states
89
where do Linognathus africanus prefer to be in sheep and goats?
back and ribs - sheep
body, head, neck - goats
90
what do infestations occur in of African blue louse?
mule deer, white-tailed deer, and other wild ruminants
91
what is Linognathus stenopsis also called?
goat sucking louse
92
where is the goat sucking louse found?
over the entire body
93
what does Linognathus stenopsis infest?
goats and sheep
short-haired and angora breeds
94
when Linognathus stenopsis infests sheep where is it found?
hindlegs and back
95
what type of louse is Damalinia (Bovicola) spp.?
mallophaga
96
where are Damalinia spp. found?
over entire body of host
97
what is Damalinia caprae also called?
goat biting louse
98
what is D. caprae more common on?
short haired goats
99
how are lice of equids transmitted?
direct contact via contaminated grooming equipments, blankets, and tack
100
what pathogens are transmitted by lice of equids?
none known
101
what is Damalinia (Bovicola) equi also called?
horse chewing louse
102
where are horse chewing louses found on the host?
neck, flanks, and tail base
103
when are numbers greatest for Damalinia (Bovicola) equi?
winter coat at most dense
104
what breeds are more prone to infestation of horse chewing louse?
longer-hair breeds
105
If Damalinia (Bovicola) equi was found over the entire body of the horse what would that indicate about the infestation level?
severe
106
what is harmatopinus asini also called?
horse sucking louse
107
what is the predilection site for the horse sucking louse?
sites with coarse hair - fetlock, mane, tail base, fetlock area
108
what can heavy infestation of Haematopinus asini cause?
anemia and loss of appetite, weight, and vitality
109
what is Haematopinus suis also called?
hog louse
110
where are hog louse found?
worldwide - wherever swine are raised
111
what areas do Haematopinus suis prefer?
thick skin - neck, jowl, flank, inner side of legs, within ears
112
what is the hog louse a vector of?
swine pox virus
