Integrated Vet. Medicine Flashcards
how many legs do larvae have?
6
how many legs do nymphs have?
8
what is a haller’s organ?
sensory organ in hard and soft ticks - senses humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and phermones
how do ticks and mites differ?
tick - macroscopic, mostly off host
mite - microscopic, mostly on host
what are the 2 main families of the ticks?
Aragasidae (soft)
Ixodidae (hard)
which soft tick has one host?
Otobius megini (Spinose ear tick)
Which tick type (hard vs soft, and genera) can transmit Cattle fever aka Babesiosis?
Hard tick
Rhypicephalus
What was the first described tick borne disease?
Babseiosis
Rhipicephalus microplus tick causes ___ brain in cattle with Babesiosis. how?
PINK brain
discolored due to distended blood vessels
ID this winter tick
Dermacentor albipictus
list the important Argasidae Genera
Argas
Ornithodoros
Otobius
list the important Ixodidae Genera
Ixodes
Amblyomma
Dermacentor
Rhipicephalus
What’s the main vector of Ornithodoros spp
Epizootic bovine abortion aka Foothill abortion
ID. Is it hard or soft?
Ornithodoros spp
Soft
Where is Epizootic bovine abortion aka Foothill abortion common?
coastal, central CA, Nevada, OR
list examples of direct tick borne disease
irritation-tick worry
anemia
secondary infection
TOXICOSIS aka tick paralysis
list example of indirect diseases
pathogen transmission
- bacteria, protozoa, viruses
What are the two types of transmission of indirect disease?
transstadial (>1 host)
transovarian (1 host)
What was this dog ill with?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) aka Rickettsia rickettsii
Which tick types can cause RMSF?
Dermacentor
Rhipicephalus (IN AZ)
What’s the significance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in AZ?
most common tick in AZ
MAJOR RMSF vector in AZ
What’s a vector for Bovine Anaplasmosis?
Dermacentor andersoni
where is Dermacentor andersoni found?
western US
Clinical signs of bovine anaplasmosis?
hemolytic anemia, fever, depression, anorexia
What’s the vector for American Canine Hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon americanum)?
Amblyomma maculatum (gulf coast tick)
where is Hepatozoon americanum mainly occurring?
south and central america and southeast US
How is Hepatozoon americanum transmitted?
ingestion of infected tick or paratenic host ingests tick
what are the two vectors of Cytauxzoonosis (Cytauxzoon felis)?
Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis
where does Cytauxzoonosis (Cytauxzoon felis) mainly occur?
SE, S-central, and mid-atlantic states
what is tick paralysis? what’s it caused by?
neurologic syndrome
acute ataxia progression to ascending paralysis
caused by salivary neurotoxin
What 4 ticks cause tick paralysis in North America?$
What flies are within the Nematocera category?
mosquito
midges
blackflies
sandflies
what flies are within Brachycera group?
myiasis causing (bot, blow, flesh)
stable flies
hornflies
keds
horse and deer flies
List the main Genera of botflies
Oestrus
Hypoderma
Cuterebra
Gasterophilus
how can you differentiate between botflies?
observing the shape of the bot spiracles
ID these two botflies by their spiracle shape
ID these two botflies by their spiracle shape
Oestrus ovis affects what part of the sheep body?
face, causes neurologic signs
Deceased cat presents with asymmetry of the brain, after presenting a few months ago with a suspected globe rupture. What’s the likely cause and condition?
Cuterebra larval migration
Condition - feline ischemic encephalopathy
what are the 3 main vectors of heartworm?
Anapheles spp
Aedes spp
Culex spp
List the following facts regarding canine heartworm…
Susceptibility
Adult worm lifespan
Single sex infections (yes/no)
Microfilaremia (yes/no, lifespan)
Primary organ
Susceptibility - HIGH
Adult worm lifespan - 5-7 years
Single sex infections - NO
Microfilaremia - Common, lives 1-2 years
Primary organ - Heart
List the following facts regarding feline heartworm…
Susceptibility
Adult worm lifespan
Single sex infections (yes/no)
Microfilaremia (yes/no, lifespan)
Primary organ
Susceptibility - LOW
Adult worm lifespan - 2-4 years
Single sex infections - YES
Microfilaremia - Not Common, live 1 month
Primary organ - Lungs
Which flea species is most common with a wide host range?
Ctenocephalides felis
6mo pug presents with alopecia, erythema, erosion, ulcers, and crusts.
What is the likely cause?
Demodex canis
DDX - allergic dermatitis
Red fox has strong immediate hypersensitivity, severe pruritis developed. What’s likely cause?
Sarcoptes scabiei
