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Parasitology > Amoeba & Ciliates > Flashcards

Amoeba & Ciliates Flashcards

1
Q

what are amoeba?

A

protozoa, infects wide variety of species (inc. humans)

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2
Q

Are amoeba facultative or obligate parasites?

A

facultative
aka do NOT require host to live, just feed

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3
Q

what are the most important amoeba in vet med?

A

Entramoeba histolytica
Entramoeba invadens
Ancanthamoeba spp
Naegleria fowleri

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4
Q

Entramoeba histolytica affect which species?

A

dogs, cats, humans

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5
Q

Entramoeba invadens affects which species?

A

reptiles

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6
Q

Acanthamoeba spp affect which species?

A

humans, can rarely affect vet species

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7
Q

Naegleria fowleri affects which species?

A

humans, primates, cattle

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8
Q

what are the two life stages of amoeba?

A

trophozoites
cysts

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9
Q

what life stages of an Amoeba are infective?

A

cysts - ingestion
trophozoites - ingestion and active tissue invasion

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10
Q

what are the amoeba routes of infection

A

fecal-oral
nasal mucosa (inhaled)
eye (ocular)
skin abrasions

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11
Q

what parts of the body can amoeba effect?

A

intestinal, extraintestinal, liver, lung, brain

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12
Q

are amoeba infections often symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

asymptomatic

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13
Q

what population is most susceptible to amoeba infections?

A

young and immunocompromised

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14
Q

which nerve/portal allows movement of amoeba to the brain?

A

olfactory portal that has olfactory nerve - amoeba crawls up nerve

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15
Q

what are the mechanisms of amoebic infection pathogenesis?

A

malabsorption
direct tissue destruction
incite inflammatory response

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16
Q

who is Entamoeba invadens NOT transmissible to?

A

mammals

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17
Q

what species are reservoir hosts for Entamoeba invadens?

A

chelonians (turtles), crocodilians, cobras, eastern king snakes
reptiles that are resistant

18
Q

which reptiles are most susceptible to Entamoeba invadens?

A

boas, colubrids, vipers, crotalids

19
Q

which amoeba causes transmural necrohemorrhagic in snakes?

A

Entemoeba invadens

20
Q

what are clinical signs of Entamoeba invadens?

A

anorexia, V, mucoid/hemorrhagic D, sudden death

21
Q

Loss of ___ predisposes reptiles with Entamoeba invadens to sepsis

A

intestinal barrier

22
Q

what type of Entamoeba invadens is this?

A

intestinal
Transmural necrohemorrhagic colitis

23
Q

what is seen with intestinal Entamoeba invadens?

A

transmural necrohemorrhagic colities

24
Q

what is seen with extraintestinal Entamoeba invadens?

A

Enterocolitis -> subsequent hepatitis following hematogenous dissemination via portal vein
necrotizing hepatitis

25
Q

what is a unique site of infection in humans of Acanthamoeba spp. in humans?

A

eyes
don’t rinse contact lens with tap water -> infection -> blind

26
Q

what’s the main transmission mode of Naegleria fowleri?

A

inhalation

27
Q

can you get infected by swallowing water contaminated with Naegleria?

A

NO, has to go up nose to establish infection

28
Q

which protozoa has a free-living flagellate form?

A

Naegleria fowleri

29
Q

what can Naegleria fowleri cause?

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
brain and meninges inflammation

30
Q

ID the issue caused by Naegleria fowleri

A

primary amoebic meningocephalitis (PAM)

31
Q

what’s the drug of choice for amoeba? why?

A

Metronidazole
inhibits DNA synthesis
cannot be used in food animals

32
Q

How many life stages do Ciliates have?

A

has TWO life stages (trophozoite and cyst)

33
Q

what are the physical characteristics of Ciliates?

A

cilia are all around
dimorphic nucleus
macronucleus
>1 micronuclei

34
Q

Are ciliates pathogenic or non-pathogenic mostly?

A

mostly non-pathogenic/commensal
rarely cause disease

35
Q

is this amoeba or ciliate?

A

ciliate

36
Q

what is a ciliate with zoonotic potential?

A

Balantidium coli

37
Q

what is the reservoir host of Balantidium coli?

A

pigs

38
Q

describe the trophozoite stage of amoeba

A

amoeboid
motile
feeding/pathogenic stage

39
Q

describe the cyst stage of amoeba

A

round
non-motile
environmentally resistant, transmission

40
Q

Are amoebas or ciliates considered a part of the normal flora in forestomachs of ruminants and hindgut of horses?

A

ciliates

41
Q

what are the varying disease phenotypes for amoebas?

A

asymptomatic to sudden death
intestinal (widespread) to extraintestinal (systemic)

Parasitology (17 decks)

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