Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Parasitology > Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian Diseases > Flashcards

Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Is cryptosporidium considered a coccidia?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of cells do Coccidians and cryptosporidium infect?

A

GI tract & extra-intestinal sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what genus are Coccidia?

A

Eimeria, Cystoisospora, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Sarcocystis, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a zoite?

A

elongated, motile cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an oocyst?

A

environmentally resistant stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does oocysts contain?

A

infective sporozoites, located within sporocysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are most cryptosporidium host specific or broad?

A

mostly host specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does cryptosporidium damage?

A

infect/damage mucosal epithelial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of life cycle does Cryptosporidium have?

A

direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of transmission does Cryptosporidium that infect the GI tract have?

A

fecal-oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of transmission does Cryptosporidium that infect the respiratory tract have?

A

droplet transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Schizogeny?

A

meronts divide -> merozoites -> infect host cells -> merontsm -> repeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is gametogeny?

A

subset of merozoites infect host cells and develop into gamonts -> gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is fertilization?

A

zygotes -> ooxysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the sporogeny of Cryptosporidium?

A

oocysts sporulate (sporozoites develop) endogenously (inside host)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a thin-walled oocyst?

A

sporozoites excyst and reinfect host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a thick-walled oocyst?

A

infective when shed, viable for months, resists disinfectants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Map out the life cycle of Cryptosporidium spp.?

A

oocyst ingested/inhaled -> sporozoites excyst -> infect host cells -> develop into meronts -> schizogeny -> gametogeny -> fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis cause?

A

gastroentereitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is seen in most hosts infected with gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis?

A

mild to moderate, watery, self-limited diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the hosts of C. parvum?

A

ruminants, horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the hosts of C. baileyi?

A

poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a large risk of C. parvum?

A

zoonotic, transmit to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the primary hosts of respiratory cryptosporidiosis?

A

avian hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what cryptosporidium causes respiratory and gastrointestinal cryptosporidiosis
C. baileyi
26
what are the symptoms of Respiratory cryptosporidiosis?
sinusitis, bronchitis, airsacculitis, pneumonia -> coughing, dyspnea, abnormal respiratory sounds
27
how do you diagnose Cryptosporidiosis?
clinical signs and... microscopic ID of oocysts ELISA PCR
28
what is used to treat cryptosporidiosis?
nirazoxanide (calves) paraomomycin (dogs and cats) supportive therapy (main use)
29
how can cryptosporidiosis be prevented?
enforce strict sanitation and good management isolate affected animals
30
what does Eimeria spp. largely impact?
ruminants and poultry
31
where do most Eimeria spp. infect? (location)
GI tract - enterocytes and/or cells in lamina propria
32
Are the predilection sites of Eimeria always the same?
no varies by species
33
what is the predilection site of E. tenella?
cecum
34
what type of life cycle does Eimeria have?
direct
35
How is Eimeria transmitted?
fecal-oral
36
what is the enteric cycle of Eimeria spp.?
schizogeny, gametogeny, fertilization, oocyst production
37
what is the sporogony of EImeria spp.?
oocysts typically sporulate exogenously (outside host)
38
what is the host of E. tenella?
chicken
39
what is the host of E. bovis?
bovine
40
Is there cross-infection between goats and sheep with Eimeria spp.? why or why not?
No b/c of ***strict host specificity***
41
what do you see with Eimeria-induced coccidiosis?
enteritis (mild to moderate = damage to epithelium, severe = damage to epithelium and lamina propria) diarrhes, fever, inappetence, dehydration, weight loss, emaciation, decreased production, death
42
what is winter coccidiosis?
severe cold provokes disease at even low infection levels
43
what is nervous coccidiosis?
enteritis + neurological disturbances, mainly seen in coldest months
44
how do you diagnose Eimeria induced coccidiosis?
clinical signs and... microscopic ID - fecal float
45
what is the treatment of Eimeria-induced coccidiosis?
self-limiting - spontaneous recovery w/out treatment is common anticoccidial drugs supportive thearpy
46
what anticoccidial drug should be used to treat Eimeria-induced Coccidiosis in cattle?
amprolium
47
what anticoccidial drug should be used to treat Eimeria-induced Coccidiosis in small ruminants?
amprolium
48
what anticoccidial drug should be used to treat Eimeria-induced Coccidiosis in poultry?
amprolium
49
what is the preventention/control of Eimeria-induced Coddidiosis?
sanitation & animal management isolate affected animals prophylactic use of anticoccidial drugs vaccines
50
what type of life cycle does Cystoisospora spp.?
direct life cycle with fecal oral transmission + transmission via ***paratenic host***
51
how do paratenic hosts aid in the transmission of Cystoisospora spp.?
paratenic host ingests oocyst -> sporozoites encyst in lymph nodes & form tissue cysts -> infective to definitive host
52
what is the transmission of Cystoisospora spp.?
fecal-oral
53
where does Cystoisospora spp. infect?
GI tract - primarily infect enterocytes -> host cells ruptured/destroyed
54
Are Cystoisospora spp. host specific?
strictly host specific
55
what does Cystoisospora spp. infect?
GI tract - primary enterocytes, host cell ruptured/destroyed
56
what is the enteric cycle of Cystoisospora spp.?
schizogeny, gametogeny, fertilization, oocyst production
57
what type of sporulation does Cystoisospora spp. have - endogenous or exogenous?
exogenous sporulation
58
what is the Cytoisospora that infects swine?
C. suis
59
what is the Cytoisospora that infects dogs?
C. canis
60
what is the Cytoisospora that infects felines?
C. felis & C. rivolta
61
what are the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii?
felids (wild and domestic)
62
How are felids typically infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
eating ***tissue cysts*** harbored by infected intermediate hosts
63
what is the enteric cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?
schizogeny and gametogeny in felid enterocytes -> oocysts shed in feces
64
How do oocysts sporulate for Toxoplasma gondii?
***oocysts sporulate exogenously***
65
what is the consequence of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts sporulating exogenously?
infective to intermediate hosts and felids
66
what is the extra-enteric cycle for intermediate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii?
tachyzoites develop in/rupture out of SI & mesenteric lymph node cells
67
what does tachyzoite explosion result in in intermediate hosts?
acute toxoplasmosis
68
what do tachyzoites form over time in intermediate hosts?
form tissue cysts containing bradyzoites in CNS, muscle, visceral organs
69
what are bradyzoites infective to?
felids and intermediate hosts
70
which phase has chronic toxoplasmosis?
tissue cyst phase
71
what species can exta-enteric cycle be present in?
mammals and birds felids
72
which population of cats and dog get toxoplasmosis?
most common in immunodeficient adults and very young animals
73
what is a common cause of abortion and stillbirth in sheep and goats?
toxoplasmosis
74
what species are generally resistant to toxoplasmosis?
equids and cattle
75
how is toxoplasmosis diagnosed?
serological tests ID tachyzoites oocysts
76
how is toxoplasmosis treated?
clindamycin, pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine + pyrimethanie supportive care
77
what does treatment of toxoplasmosis not eliminate?
bradyzoites in tissue cysts (chronic toxoplasmosis)
78
how is toxoplasmosis prevented/controlled?
sanitation & animal management preventing hunting activity by cats do not feed raw/undercooked meat or viscera to cats, dogs, etc. sheep - live vaccine to prevent abortion and still birth
79
what are the definitive hosts of Neospora canium?
dogs, dingoes, wolves, coyotes
80
what are the intermediate hosts of Neospora caninum?
cattle, deer, other mammals
81
does Neospora canium have an enteric and extra-enteric cycle?
yes - similar to toxoplasma gondii
82
what causes the tissue damage and inflammation in Neospora caninum?
tachyzoites & tissue cysts
83
what are the disease patterns for dogs, cattle, and horses with Neosporosis?
dogs - subclinical infection cattle - major cause of abortion, subclinical infection typically horses - rare cause of EPM
84
what disease will have fetuses autolyzed in cattle?
Neosporosis
85
How is neosporosis diagnosed?
serologic tests ID of tachyzoites oocysts
86
How is neosporosis treated in dogs and cattle
dogs - clindamycin or trimethoprim sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine cattle - no treatment
87
How is neosporosis prevented/controlled?
prevent dogs from eating bovine placental tissues, fetal membranes, raw meats do not breed females w/ a history of clinical neosporosis or that welped affected pups avoid glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive drugs, to seropositive dogs prevent contamination of livestock feed w/ dog
88
which Sarcocystis spp. is not host specific?
S. neurona various mammals serve as intermediate hosts
89
what are the definitive hosts of Sarcocystis spp.?
carnivorous & omnivorous mammals, birds, reptiles
90
what is the mode of transmission of Sarcocystis spp.?
ingestion of tissue cysts (sarcocysts) in striated muscle of infected inermediate hosts
91
what is the enteric cycle of Sarcocystis spp.?
oocysts (endogenous sporulation -> sporocysts shed in feces
92
what are the intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis spp.?
mammals, birds, reptiles
93
how are intermediate hosts infected with Sarcocystis spp.?
ingestion of sporocysts
94
how do Sarcocystosis diseases present?
subclinical
95
what is seen in horses with Sarcocystosis?
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)
96
what is seen in cows with sarcocystosis? which Sarcocystis spp.?
Cattle - S. cruzi - fever, anorexia, cachexia, decreased milk yield, diarrhea, muscle spasms, anemia, loss of tail hair, hyper excitability, weakness, prostration, abortion, death
97
what is seen in sheep with sarcocystosis? which Sarcocystis spp.?
sheep - S. tenella - fever, anorexia, decreased weight gain, anemia, weakness, loss of wool, myeloencephalitis w/ hindlind paresis or ataxia, abortion, death
98
what is seen in swine with Sarcocystosis?
weight loss, dyspnea, muscle tremors, purpura, abortion
99
how is Sarcocystosis diagnosed?
serological tests ID schizonts, sarcocysts, and/or tissue cysts in post-mortem samples
100
how is sarcocystosis treated in horses, ruminants & swine, cats & dogs?
horses - ponazuril, diclazuril, sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine ruminants & swine - therapeutic treatment ineffective cats & dogs w/ neurologic disease - ponazuril, sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine, clindamycin
101
How is Sarcocystosis prevented/controlled?
prevent dogs & other carnivores from eating raw meat, offal, or dead animals prevent contamination of livestock feed w/ feces of dogs, cats, opossums keep dogs/cats/opossums out of building used to house lifestock trap & relocate opossums prophylactic amprolium for cattle & sheep

Parasitology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions