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Parasitology > Flea Infestations > Flashcards

Flea Infestations Flashcards

1
Q

what are the physical features of flea?

A

adults are wingless and laterally flattened

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2
Q

which is larger - female or male fleas?

A

female

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3
Q

what is another word for fleas?

A

siphonaptera

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4
Q

what is the purpose of the enlarged hind legs on fleas?

A

jumping

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5
Q

what part of the flea aids with heamtophagy?

A

piercing-sucking mouthparts

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6
Q

are fleas host-specific?

A

not very host-specific, have preferred hosts but will feed from other hosts

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7
Q

are fleas facultative or obligate ectoparasites?

A

obligate ectoparasites of mammals and birds

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8
Q

what type of metamorphosis do fleas have?

A

holometabolous (complete)

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9
Q

where are flea eggs laid?

A

on hosts nest, resting site, etc.

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10
Q

what happens if flea eggs are laid on the host?

A

the eggs fall off into the environement

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11
Q

how many larval instars do fleas have?

A

3

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12
Q

how long does it take for a flea to complete a generation?

A

2-4 weeks

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13
Q

can fleas survive for a long time without food?

A

yes

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14
Q

can fleas survive under cool and humid conditions?

A

no

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15
Q

how are fleas transmitted?

A

contact with infected hosts and infested sleeping quarters, kennels, nests, dens

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16
Q

how can adult fleas be grouped?

A

by degree of attachment

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17
Q

what are the 4 degrees of attachment adult fleas are grouped into?

A
  1. nidicolous fleas
  2. those that primarily live on host body
  3. sticktight fleas
  4. chigoe fleas
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18
Q

what are nidicolous fleas?

A

live in hosts nest/burrow and visit host only to feed

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19
Q

what are sticktight fleas?

A

mated females use their mouthparts to permanently attach to host

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20
Q

what are chigoe fleas?

A

mated females embeded within the host’s skin

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21
Q

what can mild to moderate flea infestations cause?

A

pruritis, restlessness and disruption of normal behaviors
flea allergy dermatitis

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22
Q

what can severe flea infestation result in?

A

severe pruritis, alopecia, anemia, loss of condition, decreased production, and death

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23
Q

what are fleas most commonly associated with in vet med?

A

cats and dogs and their owners

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24
Q

what are some flea species vectors of?

A

viruses, bacteria (yersinia pestis), parasitic protozoa

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25
Q

what are some fleas intermediate hosts of?

A

tapeworms (dipylidium caninum)
parasitic nematodes

26
Q

how are fleas detected?

A

adults on host
adults or larvae from bedding debris
flea feces - place on wet paper towel -> red spots

27
Q

what can fleas taxanomic ID be determined?

A

preserve in 70% ethanol send to pathologist

28
Q

what are some comprehensive control program methods for fleas?

A

eliminate fleas on host
eliminate existing environmental infestation
prevent subsequent re-infestation

29
Q

what are environmental control for fleas indoors?

A

vacuum infested areas, wash pet betting, rugs, etc.
apply adulticide + IGR or borate powder to infested carpets, furniture, etc.

30
Q

what are environmental control for fleas outdoors?

A

trim trees, shrubs & grass, remove debris
in shaded microhabitats apply insecticides or Steinernema carpocapsae
collect/destroy infested animal bedding, poultry litter, etc.

31
Q

what are environmental control for fleas indoors and outdoors?

A

elevate animal cages

32
Q

what can heavy infestations of flea on poultry cause?

A

irritation, restlessness, anemia, weight loss, decreased reproductive/laying performance, death

33
Q

what are the fleas of poultry? (scientific name and layman name)

A

Echidnophaga gallinacea - sticktight flea
Ceratophyllus niger - western chick flea, black hen flea
Ceratophyllus gallinae - european chicken flea

34
Q

where are sticktight fleas found?

A

new world tropics/subtropics
southeastern US

35
Q

where do Echidnophaga gallinacea prefer to be on poultry?

A

nonfreather skin on head, comb, wattles, and vent

36
Q

what can bites from the sticktight flea near the eye cause?

A

lesions that result in blindness

37
Q

how are Echidnophaga gallinacea removed?

A

physical removal, topical pyethrin

38
Q

what other animals can sticktight fleas infect?

A

wild birds, dogs, cats, other mammals

39
Q

what type of fleas are Ceratophyllus spp.?

A

nidicolous

40
Q

what is another name for Ceratophyllus niger flea?

A

western chicken flea and black hen flea

41
Q

where is Ceratophyllus niger found?

A

western NA

42
Q

what is another name for Ceratophyllus gallinae?

A

european chicken flea

43
Q

where is Ceratophyllus gallinae found?

A

worldwlide - in NA primarily N US

44
Q

what Ceratophyllus fleas infest/bite humans?

A

C. niger and C. gallinae

45
Q

where are most fleas that are found on cats and dogs located?

A

thoughtout coat especially tail,head, neck, and flanks

46
Q

what can fleas in cats and dogs cause?

A

flea allergy dermatitis

47
Q

what is PC and GC in this image?

A

PC - pronotal combs
GC - genal combs

48
Q

Do the Ctenocephalides spp. have geneal and pronotal combs present?

A

yes

49
Q

what is Ctenocephalides spp. important for the the transmission of?

A

bubonic plague, tape worm Dipylidium caninum

50
Q

what species is Ctenocephalides felis found on?

A

on cats

51
Q

what is Ctenocephalides felis important for the transmission of?

A

bubonic plague, tapeworm Dipylidium caninum

52
Q

what species is Ctenocephalides canis found on?

A

dogs

53
Q

what type of fleas are Pulex spp.

A

nidicolous

54
Q

what is Pulex spp. fleas a vector for?

A

bubonic plague

55
Q

which Pulex spp. flea is the human flea?

A

P. irritans

56
Q

what two Pulex spp. fleas can be found on cats and dogs?

A

P. irritans
P. simulans

57
Q

where are the two Pulex spp. fleas that infect cats and dogs found?

A

P. irritans - worldwide, uncommon in NA
P. simulans - new world

58
Q

what is a flea of small mammals that is found in rabbits, rodents, ferrets, etc.?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

59
Q

how are Ctenocephalides felis mostly acquired by small mammals?

A

acquired from infested dogs/cats

60
Q

what is a flea that infests goats, sheep, cattle, equids?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

61
Q

what are fleas that infests swine, goat, sheep, cattle, equids?

A

Pulex spp.
Echidnophaga gallinacea
Tunga spp.

62
Q

what flea of ungulates is this?

A

Tunga spp.

Parasitology (17 decks)

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