Thyroid Tumors

Question 1

What is 1 benign thyroid tumor?

Answer 1

Follicular Adenoma

Question 2

What is 1 benign thyroid tumor?

Answer 2

Follicular Adenoma

Question 3

If you see a clonal population of follicular cells that still have thyroid autonomy, what tumor should you suspect?

Answer 3

Follicular Adenoma = BENIGN

Question 4

What are the 2 Differentiated Malignant thyroid tumors?

Answer 4

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Follicular Cell Carcinoma

Question 5

What are 4 malignant thyroid tumors?

Answer 5

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Follicular Cell Carcinoma
Anaplastic Carcinoma
Medullary Carcinoma

Question 6

What are 2 possible treatments for the differentiated malignant thyroid tumors?

Answer 6

Surgery

Radioactive iodine

Question 7

What is the most common malignant thyroid tumor that has many variants?

Answer 7

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Question 8

When do Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas occur?

Answer 8

25-50

Question 9

What are the symptoms with a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 9

NO symptoms

– just a palpable nodule

Question 10

Describe the unique staging seen with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

Answer 10

• Age < 55 = ONLY Stage 1 or 2

- Age > 55 = Normal staging

Question 11

If a 28 year old presents with a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, even if it has metastasis, what stages can they be put into?

Answer 11

Stage 1 or 2 only

Question 12

How will Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas look on histo?

Answer 12

Papillary Architecture

Psammoma bodies

Question 13

What mutations are common with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas?

Answer 13

RET-PTC

BRAF

Question 14

RET-PTC and BRAF mutations correspond to?

Answer 14

Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

Question 15

What is the diagnostic histo feature with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas?

Answer 15

Enlarged nuclei with clear appearance

Question 16

What diagnoses a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 16

Enlarged nuclei with clear appearance

Question 17

If you see “orphan annie eye nuclei” what tumor is present?

Answer 17

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Question 18

What are the 3 variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 18

1. Follicular
2. Tall cell
3. Diffuse Sclerosing

Question 19

Describe the Follicular variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Answer 19

Follicular architecture but with nuclear features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Question 20

What mutation is more often present with the Follicular variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 20

RAS mutations

Question 21

RAS mutations is what variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 21

Follicular variant

Question 22

What aged patients will get Tall Cell variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 22

Older patients

Question 23

What aged patients will get the Diffuse Sclerosing variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 23

Kids and young adults

Question 24

Kids and young adults more often get what variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Answer 24

Diffuse Sclerosing variant

Question 25

What is bad and good about Diffuse Sclerosing variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma when it come to outlook?

Answer 25

``` Bad = more often distant metastasis present Good = same mortality rate as the conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma ```

Question 26

25-50 year olds will usually get what thyroid tumor?

Answer 26

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Question 27

Which variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is more aggressive?

Answer 27

Tall cell

Question 28

What is a Follicular Carcinoma?

Answer 28

Follicular neoplasm with invasion

Question 29

Where are Follicular Carcinomas more commonly seen?

Answer 29

Areas with iodide deficiency goiters

Question 30

What 2 mutations are more characteristic of Follicular Carcinomas?

Answer 30

PAX8 | PPARG

Question 31

What 2 mutations are more characteristic of Follicular Carcinomas?

Answer 31

PAX8 | PPARG

Question 32

What 2 things will be seen on histo with Follicular Carcinomas?

Answer 32

Mushroom invasion of the capsule | Angioinvasion

Question 33

If you seen mushroom invasion of the capsule or angioinvasion or both, what should you suspect?

Answer 33

Follicular Carcinoma

Question 34

In what aged patients do Anaplastic Carcinomas usually arise?

Answer 34

Elderly

Question 35

What mutation may be present with Anaplastic Carcinomas?

Answer 35

TP53

Question 36

What symptoms will be present with Anaplastic Carcinomas?

Answer 36

MASS EFFECT -- local invasion

Question 37

What is the outlook for Anaplastic Carcinomas?

Answer 37

HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE | -- die within 1 year of local invasion

Question 38

What are Medullary Carcinomas derived from?

Answer 38

Parafollicular C cells

Question 39

What is the normal job of parafollicular C cells?

Answer 39

Secrete Calcitonin

Question 40

C cells can give rise to what malignancy?

Answer 40

Medullary Carcinoma

Question 41

What will be seen on histo with Medullary Carcinomas?

Answer 41

Amyloid Blue cells with dispersed chromatin C cell hyperplasia

Question 42

What will be seen on histo with Medullary Carcinomas?

Answer 42

Amyloid Blue cells with dispersed chromatin C cell hyperplasia

Question 43

The Sporadic form of Medullary Carcinoma is ____

Answer 43

Unifocal

Question 44

The Familial form of Medullary Carcinoma is ____

Answer 44

Multifocal

Question 45

Which form of Medullary Carcinoma has the best prognosis?

Answer 45

Familial