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ENRP - Exam 2 > Thyroid Tumors > Flashcards

Thyroid Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is 1 benign thyroid tumor?

A

Follicular Adenoma

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2
Q

What is 1 benign thyroid tumor?

A

Follicular Adenoma

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3
Q

If you see a clonal population of follicular cells that still have thyroid autonomy, what tumor should you suspect?

A

Follicular Adenoma = BENIGN

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4
Q

What are the 2 Differentiated Malignant thyroid tumors?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Follicular Cell Carcinoma

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5
Q

What are 4 malignant thyroid tumors?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Follicular Cell Carcinoma
Anaplastic Carcinoma
Medullary Carcinoma

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6
Q

What are 2 possible treatments for the differentiated malignant thyroid tumors?

A

Surgery

Radioactive iodine

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7
Q

What is the most common malignant thyroid tumor that has many variants?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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8
Q

When do Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas occur?

A

25-50

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9
Q

What are the symptoms with a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

NO symptoms

– just a palpable nodule

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10
Q

Describe the unique staging seen with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

A
  • Age < 55 = ONLY Stage 1 or 2

- Age > 55 = Normal staging

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11
Q

If a 28 year old presents with a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, even if it has metastasis, what stages can they be put into?

A

Stage 1 or 2 only

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12
Q

How will Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas look on histo?

A

Papillary Architecture

Psammoma bodies

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13
Q

What mutations are common with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas?

A

RET-PTC

BRAF

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14
Q

RET-PTC and BRAF mutations correspond to?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas

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15
Q

What is the diagnostic histo feature with Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas?

A

Enlarged nuclei with clear appearance

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16
Q

What diagnoses a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

Enlarged nuclei with clear appearance

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17
Q

If you see “orphan annie eye nuclei” what tumor is present?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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18
Q

What are the 3 variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A
  1. Follicular
  2. Tall cell
  3. Diffuse Sclerosing
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19
Q

Describe the Follicular variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

A

Follicular architecture but with nuclear features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

20
Q

What mutation is more often present with the Follicular variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

RAS mutations

21
Q

RAS mutations is what variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

Follicular variant

22
Q

What aged patients will get Tall Cell variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

Older patients

23
Q

What aged patients will get the Diffuse Sclerosing variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

Kids and young adults

24
Q

Kids and young adults more often get what variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

A

Diffuse Sclerosing variant

25
Q

What is bad and good about Diffuse Sclerosing variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma when it come to outlook?

A 
Bad = more often distant metastasis present
Good = same mortality rate as the conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma
26
Q

25-50 year olds will usually get what thyroid tumor?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

27
Q

Which variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is more aggressive?

A

Tall cell

28
Q

What is a Follicular Carcinoma?

A

Follicular neoplasm with invasion

29
Q

Where are Follicular Carcinomas more commonly seen?

A

Areas with iodide deficiency goiters

30
Q

What 2 mutations are more characteristic of Follicular Carcinomas?

A

PAX8

PPARG

31
Q

What 2 mutations are more characteristic of Follicular Carcinomas?

A

PAX8

PPARG

32
Q

What 2 things will be seen on histo with Follicular Carcinomas?

A

Mushroom invasion of the capsule

Angioinvasion

33
Q

If you seen mushroom invasion of the capsule or angioinvasion or both, what should you suspect?

A

Follicular Carcinoma

34
Q

In what aged patients do Anaplastic Carcinomas usually arise?

A

Elderly

35
Q

What mutation may be present with Anaplastic Carcinomas?

A

TP53

36
Q

What symptoms will be present with Anaplastic Carcinomas?

A

MASS EFFECT – local invasion

37
Q

What is the outlook for Anaplastic Carcinomas?

A

HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE

– die within 1 year of local invasion

38
Q

What are Medullary Carcinomas derived from?

A

Parafollicular C cells

39
Q

What is the normal job of parafollicular C cells?

A

Secrete Calcitonin

40
Q

C cells can give rise to what malignancy?

A

Medullary Carcinoma

41
Q

What will be seen on histo with Medullary Carcinomas?

A

Amyloid
Blue cells with dispersed chromatin
C cell hyperplasia

42
Q

What will be seen on histo with Medullary Carcinomas?

A

Amyloid
Blue cells with dispersed chromatin
C cell hyperplasia

43
Q

The Sporadic form of Medullary Carcinoma is ____

A

Unifocal

44
Q

The Familial form of Medullary Carcinoma is ____

A

Multifocal

45
Q

Which form of Medullary Carcinoma has the best prognosis?

A

Familial

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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