Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENRP - Exam 2 > Diabetic Complications > Flashcards

Diabetic Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common complication for Type 1 DM?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 things can trigger Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A

Non-compliance
Initial presentation
Precursor infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A

Hyperglycemia
Ketonemia
Metabolic Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 signs of DKA?

A

Hyperglycemia
Ketonemia
Metabolic Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of DKA

A
  • No insulin = Hyperglycemia in the blood only
  • No glucose in the tissues = body breaks down fat (ketones)
  • Ketones and Glucose in the blood draws in water
  • Kidney dumps water, ketones, glucose into the urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What molecule can continue to worsen the Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you test the urine for if you suspect Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

A

Ketones

acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Due to the Hyperglycemia, what 2 things will be present with DKA?

A

Polydipsia

Polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms present with DKA?

A

Kussmaul respirations
Increased HR
Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms present with DKA?

A

Kussmaul respirations
Increased HR
Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kussmaul respirations try to offset the metabolic acidosis with DKA, how?

A

Decreasing the pCO2 in order to decrease the acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of DM can present with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Syndrome?

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Syndrome?

A

Culmination of prolonged insulin deficiency

  • Increased gluconeogenesis
  • Decreased glucose uptake into tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What symptoms present with Hyperglycemia Hyperosmotic Syndrome?

A

Dehydration
Impaired renal function
Obtundation/coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What symptoms present with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Syndrome?

A

Severe Dehydration
Impaired renal function
Obtundation/coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DKA and HHS - pH

A

DKA - < 7.3

HHS - > 7.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DKA and HHS - bicarbonate

A

DKA - < 18

HHS - > 18

18
Q

Anion Gap for DKA?

A

> 10

19
Q

DKA and HHS - Osmolality

A

DKA - < 320

HHS - > 320

20
Q

DKA and HHS - glucose levels

A

DKA - > 250

HHS - > 600

21
Q

If the glucose levels are greater than 600, what should you be thinking?

A

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome

22
Q

Will Ketones be present in the urine with DKA and HHS?

A

ONLY WITH DKA

23
Q

What can measure the long term control of Diabetes?

A

Hemoglobin A1C

24
Q

What is Hemoglobin A1C?

A

Irreversible glycosylated hemoglobin

25
Q

What is the most common cause of death with Diabetes?

A

MI

26
Q

How is LE Gangrene a possible complication of Diabetes?

A

Vascular damage leads to endothelial dysfunction
–> narrowed vessels = less blood to heal/etc.
=> Gangrene

27
Q

What are 3 pathologic conditions that can occur with Diabetic Nephropathy?

A

Glomerular Sclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Pyelonephritiis

28
Q

What occurs with Glomerular Sclerosis?

A

Basement membrane THICKENS

    • It is disrupted
  • -> Allows large molecules to leak into urine
29
Q

If you suspect Diabetic Nephropathy, what should you measure?

A

Albumin:Creatinine Ratio in the urine

30
Q

What is a normal level of the urine Albumin:Creatinine ratio?

A

< 30

31
Q

Microalbuminemia and Macroalbuminemia are defined as what level of the albumin:creatinine ratio in the urine?

A 
Micro = 30-300
Macro = > 300
32
Q

Diabetics are at an increased susceptibility for?

A

Infections

33
Q

Hyperglycemia can damage peripheral?

A

Peripheral nerves = neuropathies

34
Q

How does Diabetes lead to Retinopathy?

A

Hypoxia

  • -> VEGF overexpression
  • -> Neovascularization
35
Q

What are 4 symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Hemorrhage
Blindness
Cataracts
Glaucoma

36
Q

What are 4 symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Hemorrhage
Blindness
Cataracts
Glaucoma

37
Q

Diabetes can lead to gangrene. In general, how?

A

Vascular damage leads to endothelial dysfunction

38
Q

Diabetes complications are due to persistent _____

A

Hyperglycemia

39
Q

How long does it take for glucose to bind to hemoglobin that makes it a good measure of long term diabetes control?

A

1+ months

40
Q

What causes the obtundation/coma with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Syndrome?

A

Hyperosmolality

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions