Thyroid/Hyperthyroidism Flashcards
With the HPT axis, what does the hypothalamus release?
TRH
With the HPT axis, what does the anterior pituitary release?
TSH
What is the essential action of Thyroid Hormones?
Increase basal metabolic rate
When TSH binds to Thyroid Follicular cells, what does it activate and increase in general for Thyroid Hormones to be release?
(+) g protein
– Increases cAMP
TSH binds to Thyroid Follicular cells and stimulates the entire process of thyroid hormone release. What does it cause to enter the follicular cell?
Iodide
Once Iodide enters the Thyroid Follicular cell, where does it go?
Colloid
What is stored in the colloid?
Thyroglobulin (Tg)
Once Iodide makes its way to the Colloid, what does it join with that will complex and enter back into the follicular cell?
Thyroglobulin - Iodide complex
Once the Thyroglobulin - Iodide complex re-enters the follicular cell it is broken down into?
T3 and T4
Once T3 and T4 are released from the Follicular cell, they go to target cells and do what?
Form a hormone-receptor complex
- -> Move to the nucleus
- -> Start transcription
What is the essential action of Thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?
Increase basal metabolic rate and temperature
With elevated T3/T4 levels, what level of TSH will cause you to suspect Primary Hyperthyroidism?
LOW
With elevated T3/T4 levels, what level of TSH would cause you to suspect Secondary Hyperthyroidism?
HIGH
There is a range of presentations for Hyperthyroidism, what is Apathetic Hyperthyroidism?
- Older adults that have masked symptoms
Apathetic Hyperthyroidism affects older adults with masked symptoms. What 2 things will be present though?
Unexplained weight loss
Cardiovascular disease
What are some regular symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?
- Increased HR and Palpitations
- Facial flushing, sweating, excitability
- Weight loss and diarrhea
- Tremor
What are some regular symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?
- Increased HR and palpitations
- Facial flushing, sweating, excitability
- Weight loss, diarrhea
- Tremor
What end of the spectrum is a Thyroid Storm at with the presentation of Hyperthyroidism?
Very severe end!
What are 3 things that may be seen in the patient’s history with a Thyroid Storm?
Pregnancy/Postpartum
Hemithyroidectomy
Drugs like Amiodarone
The onset of a Thyroid Storm is sudden and severe. What are the signs?
Fever
Tachycardia/CHF
Diarrhea and Jaundice
The onset of a Thyroid Storm is sudden and severe. What are some signs?
Fever
Tachycardia/CHF
Diarrhea and jaundice
What are 3 causes of Primary Hyperthyroidism?
Graves Disease
Hyperfunctioning multinodular goiter
Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma
What is 1 cause of Secondary Hyperthyroidism?
Pituitary Adenoma
If a patient presents with severe Hyperthyroidism that looks like a Thyroid Storm, what things may be in their history?
Pregnancy/postpartum
Hemithyroidectomy
Drugs like Amiodarone
