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ENRP - Exam 2 > Thyroid/Hyperthyroidism > Flashcards

Thyroid/Hyperthyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

With the HPT axis, what does the hypothalamus release?

A

TRH

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2
Q

With the HPT axis, what does the anterior pituitary release?

A

TSH

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3
Q

What is the essential action of Thyroid Hormones?

A

Increase basal metabolic rate

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4
Q

When TSH binds to Thyroid Follicular cells, what does it activate and increase in general for Thyroid Hormones to be release?

A

(+) g protein

– Increases cAMP

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5
Q

TSH binds to Thyroid Follicular cells and stimulates the entire process of thyroid hormone release. What does it cause to enter the follicular cell?

A

Iodide

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6
Q

Once Iodide enters the Thyroid Follicular cell, where does it go?

A

Colloid

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7
Q

What is stored in the colloid?

A

Thyroglobulin (Tg)

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8
Q

Once Iodide makes its way to the Colloid, what does it join with that will complex and enter back into the follicular cell?

A

Thyroglobulin - Iodide complex

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9
Q

Once the Thyroglobulin - Iodide complex re-enters the follicular cell it is broken down into?

A

T3 and T4

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10
Q

Once T3 and T4 are released from the Follicular cell, they go to target cells and do what?

A

Form a hormone-receptor complex

  • -> Move to the nucleus
  • -> Start transcription
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11
Q

What is the essential action of Thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?

A

Increase basal metabolic rate and temperature

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12
Q

With elevated T3/T4 levels, what level of TSH will cause you to suspect Primary Hyperthyroidism?

A

LOW

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13
Q

With elevated T3/T4 levels, what level of TSH would cause you to suspect Secondary Hyperthyroidism?

A

HIGH

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14
Q

There is a range of presentations for Hyperthyroidism, what is Apathetic Hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Older adults that have masked symptoms
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15
Q

Apathetic Hyperthyroidism affects older adults with masked symptoms. What 2 things will be present though?

A

Unexplained weight loss

Cardiovascular disease

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16
Q

What are some regular symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Increased HR and Palpitations
  • Facial flushing, sweating, excitability
  • Weight loss and diarrhea
  • Tremor
17
Q

What are some regular symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Increased HR and palpitations
  • Facial flushing, sweating, excitability
  • Weight loss, diarrhea
  • Tremor
18
Q

What end of the spectrum is a Thyroid Storm at with the presentation of Hyperthyroidism?

A

Very severe end!

19
Q

What are 3 things that may be seen in the patient’s history with a Thyroid Storm?

A

Pregnancy/Postpartum
Hemithyroidectomy
Drugs like Amiodarone

20
Q

The onset of a Thyroid Storm is sudden and severe. What are the signs?

A

Fever
Tachycardia/CHF
Diarrhea and Jaundice

21
Q

The onset of a Thyroid Storm is sudden and severe. What are some signs?

A

Fever
Tachycardia/CHF
Diarrhea and jaundice

22
Q

What are 3 causes of Primary Hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves Disease
Hyperfunctioning multinodular goiter
Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma

23
Q

What is 1 cause of Secondary Hyperthyroidism?

A

Pituitary Adenoma

24
Q

If a patient presents with severe Hyperthyroidism that looks like a Thyroid Storm, what things may be in their history?

A

Pregnancy/postpartum
Hemithyroidectomy
Drugs like Amiodarone

25
Q

Graves Disease causes?

A

Hyperthyroidism

26
Q

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease. What antibodies will be present and what do they do?

A

TSI (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins)

= > (+) TSH receptor on the thyroid

27
Q

What are the 2 actions of TSIs?

A
  1. Increase T3/T4

2. (+) retro-orbital fibroblasts

28
Q

When TSIs stimulate retro-orbital fibroblasts, what does that do?

A

Increases the CT behind the eye by enlarging the EOM

29
Q

What items will be increased with Graves disease?

A

T3
T4
TSIs

30
Q

What will be decreased with Graves disease?

A

TSH

31
Q

What is the triad of findings with Graves disease?

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism with gland enlargement
  2. Infiltrative Ophthalmopathy
  3. Pretibial Myxedema
32
Q

What is the triad of findings seen with Graves Disease?

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism with gland enlargement
  2. Infiltrative Ophthalmopathy
  3. Pretibial Myxedema
33
Q

With Graves disease, what will be seen on the shins?

A

Pretibial Myxedema

– scaly and indurated rash

34
Q

Exophthalmos is more commonly seen with?

A

Graves Disease

35
Q

Why may the eyes appear red with exophthalmos with Graves Disease?

A

Eyelids retract and cannot cover the eyes

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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