Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENRP - Exam 2 > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Endocrine Signaling

A

Cell –> Bloodstream –> Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 2 things does Endocrine Homeostasis require?

A
  1. Hormone effect on end organ

2. Feedback from the end organ upstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary Endocrine Disorders

A

The issue is within the endocrine tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary Endocrine Disorders

A

There is an ectopic problem that is acting on the endocrine tissue to cause an issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endocrine disorders are either hyperfunctioning or hypofunctioning. What is the most common reason for a primary hyperfunction?

A

Neoplasia!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the pituitary gland arise?

A

Rathke’s pouch from the oral ectoderm pinches off and joins the Infundibular process from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Infundibular process will become? What does it secrete?

A

Posterior lobe
(neurohypophysis)
– ADH
– Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rathke’s Pouch will become? What does it secrete?

A

Anterior lobe
(Adenohypophysis)
– Prolactin, GH, TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the histo of the posterior lobe?

A

Axonal neurons

Pituicytes = neuroglial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the histo of the anterior lobe?

A

Acidophils
Basophils
Chromophobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 things do the Acidophils of the anterior lobe secrete?

A

Prolactin

GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the hypothalamus releases CRH, what happens?

A
  • Anterior pituitary releases ACTH

- Adrenal Glands release cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the hypothalamus releases PRF, what happens?

A
  • Anterior pituitary releases PRL (prolactin) to the mammary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the hypothalamus releases GH-RH, the anterior pituitary will release GH. Where does GH go and what occurs?

A

Liver

  • -> releases Somatomedins
  • -> acts on bone, muscles, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specifically, what usually causes Hyperpituitarism?

A

Adenomas

=> excess hormone release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can cause the Mass Effect?

A

Neoplasms
Bleeds
Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Mass Effect in the pituitary gland is caused by an enlarging mass. If it increases the ICP, what are the signs?

A 
Headache
HTN
N/V
Shallow breathing
Decreased HR
Papilledema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can be compressed with the Mass Effect?

A

Optic Chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the optic chiasm is compressed with the Mass Effect, what vision disturbance will present?

A

Bilateral Temporal Hemianopsia

– loss of vision on lateral sides of visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Mass Effect can also cause Apoplexy. What is that?

A

Hemorrhage into Adenoma

21
Q

Normally, the Mass Effect will cause ______ of hormones

A

UNDERPRODUCTION

22
Q

The Mass Effect causes underproduction of hormones except for which one and why?

A

Prolactin = ELEVATED

– Its release is inhibited by dopamine and with a mass, there is loss of inhibition

23
Q

A Rathke’s Cleft Cyst is derived from Rathke’s pouch. What histology is present?

A

Respiratory

– from oral ectoderm

24
Q

What can Rathke’ Cleft Cyst do?

A

Can compress the pituitary or rupture

–> meningitis/inflammation with the rupture

25
Q

What type of Cranipharyngiomas occur in kids?

A

Adamantinomatous

26
Q

Sign of an Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma in a kid?

A

Growth retardation from hypopituitarism

27
Q

What type of Craniopharyngioma occurs in adults?

A

Papillary

28
Q

Signs of a Papillary Craniopharyngioma in an adult?

A

Increased ICP

Hypopituitarism

29
Q

Craniopharyngiomas are dervied from remnants of Rathke’s Pouch. What are 3 histo items that will be seen?

A

Squamous epithelium
Wet keratin
Calcified cyst

30
Q

Primary Empty Sella Syndrome

A

CSF leaks into the sella and compresses the pituitary

31
Q

Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome

A

Pituitary expands and infarcts leaving an empty sella

32
Q

What is Sheehan Syndrome?

A

Postpartum necrosis of the Anterior Pituitary

33
Q

Postpartum necrosis of the Anterior Pituitary

A

Sheehan Syndrome

34
Q

The Anterior pituitary is dependent on venous blood supply. What occurs during labor and delivery to cause Sheehan Syndrome?

A

Ischemia and infarction

=> Necrosis of anterior pituitary postpartum

35
Q

ADH Deficiency

A

Diabetes Insipidus

36
Q

What occurs with Diabetes Insipidus?

A

(ADH Deficiency)

- Decreased reclaimed free water

37
Q

What is the symptom with Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Dilute polyuria

38
Q

With Diabetes Insipidus, there is dilute polyuria. What are the SERUM levels of osmolality and sodium?

A

Increased serum osmolality

Hypernatremia

39
Q

What should you do to test if Diabetes Insipidus is central or nephrogenic?

A

Administer DDAVP

40
Q

With Diabetes Insipidus, if you administer DDAVP and there is no change, what type is it?

A

Nephrogenic

41
Q

With Diabetes Insipidus, if you administer DDAVP and there is an increase in water retention and urine osmolality, what type is it?

A

Central

42
Q

ADH Excess

A

SIADH

43
Q

What occurs with SIADH?

A

(ADH Excess)

- Increased reclaimed free water

44
Q

What are the signs of SIADH?

A

Concentrated urine with low output amounts
Muscle weakness
Seizures
Mental status changes

45
Q

What are the SERUM levels of osmolality and sodium with SIADH?

A

LOW serum osmolality

Hyponatremia

46
Q

What symptom will present with both ADH deficiency and excess?

A

THIRST

47
Q

What is a neoplasm that can cause SIADH?

A

Small cell lung carcinoma

48
Q

Increased reclaimed free water

A

ADH excess

SIADH

49
Q

Decreased reclaimed free water

A 
ADH deficiency
(Diabetes Insipidus)

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions