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ENRP - Exam 2 > Misc. Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Misc. Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Biguanide?

A

Metformin

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2
Q

What is a Biguanide?

A

Metformin

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3
Q

What is the 1st line oral treatment for Type 2 DM?

A

Metformin

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4
Q

All of the cards in this deck ____ be used with Type 1 DM

A

CANNOT

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5
Q

All of the cards in this deck do NOT cause what if they are used alone?

A

NO hypoglycemia if used alone

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6
Q

What is the MOA for Metformin?

A

(+) AMP activated protein kinase

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7
Q

Half life, metabolism and excretion attributes for Metformin?

A

Half life = < 3 hours
NOT metabolized
Excreted unchanged in the kidney

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8
Q

What are 2 adverse effects of Metformin?

A

GI distress

Lactic acidosis especially in settings of hypoxia/renal failure

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9
Q

What are 2 contraindications for taking Metformin?

A

Conditions predisposing to hypoxia = lactic acidosis

Renal failure = lactic acidosis

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10
Q

What drug (+) AMP activated protein kinase?

A

Metformin

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11
Q

What are the Thiazolidinediones?

A
  • AZONEs
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12
Q

What are the Thiazolidinediones?

A
  • AZONES
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13
Q

What is the MOA for — azones?

A

(+) PPAR gamma nuclear receptor

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14
Q

Once – azones (+) PPAR gamma nuclear receptor, that changes gene expression and increases?

A

Increased GLUT4 and IRS/P13K

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15
Q

How long does it take to see the effects of Thiazolidinediones and why?

A

1-3 months because they are changing gene expression

–> will still see effects even after they are stopped

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16
Q

– azones can delay the progression of?

A

Prediabetes –> Diabetes

17
Q

What are 4 adverse effects of – azones?

A

Weight gain
Edema and worsened CHF
Osteoporosis/fractures

18
Q

What are 4 adverse effects of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Weight gain
Edema and worsened CHF
Osteoporosis/fractures

19
Q

What will lower the half life of — azones?

A

CYP (+)s

20
Q

How does edema occur with — azones?

A

Increased vascular permeability

EnaC expression to reabsorb water and sodium

21
Q

How does Osteoporosis/fractures occur with — azones?

A

(-) MSCs from becoming osteoblasts

–> instead become fat cells

22
Q

What are the SGLT-2 Inhibitors?

A
  • GLIFLOZINS
23
Q

What are the SGLT-2 Inhibitors?

A
  • GLIFLOZINS
24
Q

MOA for the SGLT-2 Inhibitors?

A

(-) SGLT2 which causes glucose to only be partially reabsorbed in the kidney and the rest is excreted in the urine in order to lower the amount

25
Q

Normally, glucose is ____ reabsorbed via ____ in the proximal tubule

A

Completely reabsorbed via SGLT-2

26
Q

What are 3 adverse effects that can occur with — gliflozins?

A

Hypovolemia
Hypotension
UTIs

27
Q

What are the 2 Alpha-Glycosidase Inhibitors?

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

28
Q

What are the 2 Alpha-Glycosidase Inhibitors?

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

29
Q

What occurs when Alpha-Glycosidase is (-)?

A

DECREASED absorption of starch and disaccharides in the intestines
=> LOWER postprandial hyperglycemia

30
Q

If you want to lower the postprandial hyperglycemia and create an insulin sparing effect, what should you do?

A

(-) Alpha - Glycosidase which decreases the absorption of starch and disaccharides in the intestines

31
Q

What are some side effects of Alpha-Glycosidase (-)s?

A

Malabsorption
Flatulence
Bloating

32
Q

Acarbose and Miglitol are?

A

Alpha-Glycosidase Inhibitors

33
Q

— gliflozins

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

34
Q

— azones

A

Thiazolidinediones

35
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanide

36
Q

What drugs can (+) PPAR gamma nuclear receptor to change gene expression?

A

– azones

37
Q

What drugs (-) SGLT-2 to allow some glucose to be excreted into the urine?

A

– gliflozins

38
Q

What drugs can (-) absorption of starch and disaccharides to lower postprandial hyperglycemia?

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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