Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENRP - Exam 2 > Adrenal Cortex > Flashcards

Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 zones make up the Adrenal Cortex?

A

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Zona Glomerulosa releases?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Zona Fasciculata releases?

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Zona Reticularis releases?

A

Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary Adrenal Disease can also cause what syndrome that involves centripetal obesity, moon facies, striae, thin skin and hirsutism?

A

Cushing Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary Hyperadrenalism that is causing increased cortisol is ACTH _____

A

Independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secondary Hyperadrenalism that is causing increased cortisol is ACTH _____

A

Dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

With ACTH Dependent elevated cortisol, what gross finding should you expect?

A

Bilateral cortical hyperplasia of the adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If the Cushing Syndrome is due to a Primary Hyperadrenalism cause like an adrenal tumor, what are the levels of CRH, and results of the dexamethasone suppression test?

A

LOW CRH

– ACTH NOT suppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Conn’s Syndrome?

A

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the findings with Primary Aldosteronism? (3)

A

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the Hypertension presents at a young age, is very severe or does not respond to treatment, what should you consider?

A

Conn’s Syndrome = Primary Hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the problem with Secondary Hyperaldosteronism?

A

RAAS system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the RAAS system is changed, it can cause secondary hyperaldosteronism. Describe the system cascade.

A
  • Angiotensinogen
    • (+) Renin
  • Angiotensin I
    • (+) ACE Kinase 2
  • Angiotensin II
  • AT1 receptor
  • Aldosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some possible causes of Secondary Hyperaldosteronism?

A

(RAAS effected)

  • Diuretics
  • Decreased renal perfusion
  • Pregnancy
  • Renin secreting tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With Hyperaldosteronism, what should you measure?

A 
PRA = Plasma Renin Activity
PAC = Plasma Aldosterone Concentration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If the PRA and PAC are ELEVATED, what is the diagnosis?

A

Secondary Hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If the PRA is LOW but the PAC is HIGH, what is the diagnosis? What should you do next?

A

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

–> Get Adrenal CT to look for Adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What histo item may be present in Aldosterone-Secreting Adenomas? What is the patient at risk for?

A

Spironolactone bodies

–> Ischemic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A

Inherited error of metabolism that results in a defective enzyme needed for steroidogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) inherited?

A

AR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, what is the defective enzyme usually?

A

21 - hydroxylase

23
Q

Of the Adrenal Cortex steroids (aldosterone, cortisol and androgens), which is the one that provides (-) feedback to lower ACTH levels?

A

Cortisol

24
Q

What is 21-hydroxylase needed to make?

A

Aldosterone
Cortisol

==> Without it = INCREASED ANDROGENs

25
Q

What usually catches Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia at birth?

A

Heel stick

26
Q

If you suspect Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, what should you measure?

A

17 - hydroxyprogesterone (precursor for cortisol)

27
Q

Salt Wasting Syndrome levels of 21-hydroxylase?

A

NONE

– NO mineral/glucocorticoids (aldosterone/cortisol)

28
Q

What are the 3 findings of Salt Wasting Syndrome?

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia

29
Q

How will females look at birth with Salt Wasting Syndrome?

A

NO 21-hydroxylase

=> Virilization

30
Q

Simple Virilizing Syndrome levels of 21-hydroxylase?

A

Partial

– some mineral/glucocorticoids

31
Q

What is the finding with Simple Virilizing Syndrome?

A

Virilization

32
Q

Nonclassic/late onset adrenal virilism levels of 21-hydroxylase?

A

Partial

33
Q

What are the findings with Nonclassic/Late onset adrenal virilism?

A

Precocious puberty with acne and hirsutism

34
Q

What is the treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

– also provides the (-) feedback missing in order to decrease ACTH and Androgen production

35
Q

What are the 3 types of CAH?

A

Salt wasting Syndrome
Simple Virilizing Syndrome
Nonclassic/Late onset adrenal virilism

36
Q

Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency is due to?

A

Loss of cortical cells and deficits in hormone production

37
Q

Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency is due to?

A

HPA axis disease

38
Q

What are some symptoms of Primary ACUTE Adrenocortical Insufficiency?

A

Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, fever, N/V, abdominal pain

39
Q

Rapid Steroid withdrawal can cause Primary ACUTE Adrenocortical Insufficiency. What occurs?

A

With steroids = adrenal glands atrophy

– MUST TAPER steroids otherwise the adrenal glands will not wake up and function

40
Q

Adrenal Hemorrhage can also cause Primary ACUTE Adrenocortical Insufficiency. When is a specific example?

A

Neisseria Meningitidis causing Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome

41
Q

What is Addison Disease?

A

Primary CHRONIC Adrenocortical IInsufficiency

42
Q

What are the signs of Primary CHRONIC Adrenocortical Insufficiency?

A

Fatigue
Skin hyperpigmentation
Joint pain
Weight loss

43
Q

Fatigue, weight loss, joint pain and skin hyperpigmentation is what type of Adrenocortical Insufficiency?

A

Primary CHRONIC

44
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of Primary Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency?

A

Autoimmune

Tuberculosis

45
Q

What is the mutation in with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1?

A

AIRE mutation

46
Q

What are 6 findings with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1?

A
  • Adrenalitis
  • Parathyroiditis
  • Hypogonadism
  • Pernicious Anemia
  • Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
  • Ectodermal Dystrophy
47
Q

What are 6 findings with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1?

A
  • Adrenalitis
  • Parathyroiditis
  • Hypogonadism
  • Pernicious Anemia
  • Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
  • Ectodermal Dystrophy
48
Q

Antibodies against _____ and ____ can cause the mucocutaneous candidiasis seen with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1

A

IL-17 and IL-22

49
Q

What are 3 findings seen with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2?

A
  • Adrenalitis
  • Thyroiditis
  • Type 1 DM
50
Q

What are 3 findings seen with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2?

A
  • Adrenalitis
  • Thyroiditis
  • Type 1 DM
51
Q

With what type of Adrenal Cortical Neoplasia will you seen Virilization?

A

Carcinoma

52
Q

Which is larger - Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma or Adenoma?

A

Carcinoma

53
Q

What symptom is present with an Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma that is not present with an Adenoma?

A

Virilization

54
Q

Both Adrenal Cortical Carcinomas and Adenomas are?

A

Incidental

Functional

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions