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ENRP - Exam 2 > Hypothyroidism/Thyroiditis > Flashcards

Hypothyroidism/Thyroiditis Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things can cause Congenital Hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Deficient Iodide Supplementation by the mother

2. Genetic alterations

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2
Q

If Congenital Hypothyroidism is due to deficient iodide supplementation, what does it depend on?

A

Time of onset in the mother

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3
Q

What will be seen in the child with Congenital Hypothyroidism?

A
  • Decreased growth and mental function
  • Umbilical hernias
  • Coarse facial features
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4
Q

What will be seen in the child with Congenital Hypothyroidism?

A
  • Decreased growth and mental function
  • Coarse facial features
  • Umbilical hernias
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5
Q

What are 2 cardiac features of Hypothyroidism?

A

Low output

Hypercholesterolemia

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6
Q

List findings with Hypothyroidism

A
  • Mental/physical slowing, weight gain, cold intolerance

- Brittle hair and nails, dry skin, facial edema and coarse voice

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7
Q

List findings with Hypothyroidism

A
  • Mental/physical slowing, weight gain, cold intolerance

- Brittle hair and nails, dry skin, facial edema, coarse voice

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8
Q

What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

Autoimmune Hypothyroidism

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9
Q

What autoantibodies will be present with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

Thryoglobulin

TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase)

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10
Q

What autoantibodies will be present with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

Thyroglobulin

TPO (thyroid peroxidase)

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11
Q

In iodide-sufficient areas, what is the most common reason for Hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

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12
Q

How will the Thyroid be with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A

Diffuse enlargement but PainLESS

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13
Q

With Hashimoto Thyroiditis, it normally causes Hypothyroidism. What is an exception of when it can cause Hyperthyroidism?

A

Hashitoxicosis

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14
Q

Describe the pathogenesis cascade with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

A
  • Immune mediated insult
  • Hyperactivity and enlargement
  • Follicular cell exhaustion
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15
Q

What will be seen on histo with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A
  • Lymphocytic infiltrate with lymph node germinal centers

- Hurthle cells

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16
Q

What will be seen on histo with Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

A
  • Lymphocytic infiltrate with lymph node germinal centers

- Hurthle cells

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17
Q

What are Hurthle cells?

A

Atrophic follicles with eosinophilic change

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18
Q

Atrophic follicles with eosinophilic change… what are they? What are they seen with?

A

Hurthle cells

= Hashimoto Thyroiditis

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19
Q

What is confusing and dumb about Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves Disease?

A

Their main presenting antibodies can present with each other and vice versa!
– ex. Hashimoto Thyroiditis presents with (+) TSIs

20
Q

What is another autoimmune thyroiditis besides Hashimoto?

A

Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

21
Q

What is Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis?

A

Transient thyroid hormone irregularities

PainLESS Goiter

22
Q

If there is a goiter present with Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis, will it cause pain? What type of Thyroidism does it present with?

A

NO pain

– Either hypo/hyperthyroidism

23
Q

What is an example of what can cause Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis? What can it become?

A

Postpartum Thyroiditis

–> can become permanent Hypothyroidism

24
Q

What likely causes Granulomatous Thyroiditis?

A

VIRAL infection with granulomatous inflammation

ex. mumps

25
Q

What will be present on histo with Granulomatous Thyroiditis?

A

Granulomata

26
Q

Will Granulomatous Thyroiditis be painful? What type of Thyroidism does it present with?

A

YES PAINFUL

– Either hypo/hyperthyroidism

27
Q

If a patient had a recent viral infection, what thyroiditis are they at risk for?

A

Granulomatous Thyroiditis

28
Q

Reidel Thyroiditis is what type of disease?

A

IgG4 related disease

29
Q

What is very severe with Reidel Thyroiditis?

A

FIBROSIS that extends into adjacent tissues

30
Q

If the Thyroid has very extensive Fibrosis, what should you suspect?

A

Reidel Thyroiditis – IgG4 related disease

31
Q

What 3 things will be seen on histo with Reidel Thyroiditis?

A
  1. Fibrosis
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. PLASMA CELLS (perinuclear hoff)
32
Q

What 3 things will be seen on histo with Reidel Thyroiditis?

A
  1. Fibrosis
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Plasma cells
33
Q

How do plasma cells look?

A

Perinuclear hoff (halo)

34
Q

What is a Goiter?

A

Thyroid enlargement

35
Q

What type of goiters do younger people vs adults get?

A 
Younger = diffuse nontoxic
Adults = Multinodular
36
Q

With both types of Goiters, what will the symptoms be?

A

MASS EFFECT

– Dysphagia, SVC syndrome, stridor, hoarseness

37
Q

With both types of Goiters, what will the symptoms be?

A

MASS EFFECT

– Dysphagia, stridor, SVC syndrome, hoarseness

38
Q

Which type of Goiter can become substernal and very large?

A

Multinodular

39
Q

What are the thyroid levels with a Diffuse nontoxic goiter?

A

Normal

40
Q

What are a few things that can cause a goiter?

A
  • Iodide deficiency
  • Sporadic
  • Cassava root, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.
41
Q

What is the purpose of Radioisotope scanning?

A

Determines if a thyroid nodule is responsible for hyperfunction

42
Q

What can determine if a thyroid nodule is responsible for the hyperfunction?

A

Radioisotope scanning

43
Q

Hot nodules and Cold nodules are more often ____

A

Benign

44
Q

Between Hot and Cold Nodules, which is more likely to be malignant?

A

Cold

45
Q

Between Hot and Cold Nodules, which is more likely causing the hyperfunction?

A

Hot

46
Q

Treatment/further workup for Hot and Cold nodules?

A

Hot - excision or ablation

Cold - US/Fine needle aspiration to determine if malignant

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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