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ENRP - Exam 2 > Insulins/Amylin Analog > Flashcards

Insulins/Amylin Analog Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Rapid-Acting Insulins?

A

Aspart
Lispro
Glulisine

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2
Q

What are the 3 Rapid-Acting Insulins?

A

Aspart
Lispro
Glulisine

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3
Q

What is the Short-Acting Insulin?

A

Regular Insulin

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4
Q

Regular insulin is ____ Acting

A

Short-Acting

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5
Q

What is the Intermediate-Acting Insulin?

A

NPH

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6
Q

What is the Intermediate-Acting Insulin?

A

NPH

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7
Q

What are the 2 Long-Acting Insulins?

A

Detemir

Glargine

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8
Q

What are the 2 Long-Acting Insulins?

A

Detemir

Glargine

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9
Q

What is the Amylin Analog?

A

Pramlintide

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10
Q

What is the Amylin Analog?

A

Pramlintide

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11
Q

What are the Rapid-Acting Insulins used for?

A

Postprandial Hyperglyecemia

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12
Q

Onset and duration of the Rapid-Acting Insulins?

A

Onset: 5-10 MINUTES
Duration: 1-3 hours

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13
Q

What is Short-Acting Insulin made of? What is its onset and duration?

A

Zinc insulin crystals

  • Onset: 30 mins-1 hr
  • Duration: 10 hours
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14
Q

Which 2 Insulin types can be used for Overnight Coverage due to their 10-12 hour duration?

A

Short-Acting

Intermediate-Acting

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15
Q

Besides overnight coverage, what else can Short-Acting Insulin be used for?

A

Basal maintenance
IV for urgent situations
Postprandial Hyperglycemia

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16
Q

What is Intermediate-Acting Insulin made of?

A

NPH = Zinc insulin + Protamine

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17
Q

NPH’s use is decreasing. What are 2 things it can be used for?

A

Overnight coverage

Basal maintenance

18
Q

What is the onset and duration for the Long-Acting Insulins?

A

Onset: 3-4 hours
Duration: 24 hours

19
Q

What are the Long-Acting Insulins the best at?

A

Basal insulin maintenance

20
Q

Detemir and Glargine last for 24 hours to maintain basal insulin. How often must they be given and how?

A

1-2 SubQ injections daily

21
Q

If you are giving regular insulin for postprandial hyperglycemia, when should it be given?

A

45 mins before the meal

22
Q

If you are giving Rapid-Acting Insulins for postprandial hyperglycemia, when should they be given and how?

A

Before the meal via SubQ injection

23
Q

Insulin and Amylin Analogs can be used for what type of DM?

A

BOTH types

24
Q

What else besides DM can Insulin treat? What is the formula?

A

Hyperkalemia

= Insulin + glucose + Furosemide (loop diuretic)

25
Q

How does Insulin treat Hyperkalemia?

A

(+) Na/K ATPase to shift K+ from extracellular to intracellular
– Furosemide diuretic causes excess K+ to be excreted too
= Insulin + Glucose + Furosemide

26
Q

What is the main adverse effect that occurs with Insulin Agents?

A

Hypoglycemia

27
Q

Besides Hypoglycemia, what else can occur with insulin injections?

A

SubQ fat hypertrophy at injection site

IgG antibodies to Insulin which causes resistance

28
Q

What are the signs of Hypoglycemia?

A

Altered mental status
Increased HR, palpitations, sweating, tremor
Nausea and hunger

29
Q

What is the treatment for insulin induced hypoglycemia?

A

Glucose/Sucrose

Glucagon

30
Q

What is the normal action of Amylin?

A

Secreted by pancreatic beta cells to enhance the actions of insulin

31
Q

What does Pramlintide (-) and slow?

A

(-) glucagon secretion

SLOWS gastric emptying

32
Q

Onset and duration of Pramlintide?

A 
Onset = RAPID
Duration = 3 hours
33
Q

When is Pramlintide used?

A

WITH mealtime insulin therapy

34
Q

When is Pramlintide used?

A

WITH mealtime insulin therapy

35
Q

What are the adverse effects that can occur with Pramlintide?

A

GI distress
Hypoglycemia
Enhanced cholinergic drug effects like constipation

36
Q

Through what 2 pathways does Insulin lower blood sugar?

A
  • MAP KINASE

- P13K-AKT

37
Q

What are 4 things that can elevated blood glucose?

A

T3/T4
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoids
Glucagon

38
Q

What is the only thing that can lower blood glucose?

A

Insulin

39
Q

Which Long-Acting Insulin does not have a peak?

A

Glargine

40
Q

What 3 things can cause Hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

A

Insulin OD
Exercise
Missing a meal

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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