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ENRP - Exam 2 > Insulins/Amylin Analog > Flashcards

Insulins/Amylin Analog Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Rapid-Acting Insulins?

A

Aspart
Lispro
Glulisine

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2
Q

What are the 3 Rapid-Acting Insulins?

A

Aspart
Lispro
Glulisine

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3
Q

What is the Short-Acting Insulin?

A

Regular Insulin

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4
Q

Regular insulin is ____ Acting

A

Short-Acting

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5
Q

What is the Intermediate-Acting Insulin?

A

NPH

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6
Q

What is the Intermediate-Acting Insulin?

A

NPH

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7
Q

What are the 2 Long-Acting Insulins?

A

Detemir

Glargine

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8
Q

What are the 2 Long-Acting Insulins?

A

Detemir

Glargine

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9
Q

What is the Amylin Analog?

A

Pramlintide

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10
Q

What is the Amylin Analog?

A

Pramlintide

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11
Q

What are the Rapid-Acting Insulins used for?

A

Postprandial Hyperglyecemia

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12
Q

Onset and duration of the Rapid-Acting Insulins?

A

Onset: 5-10 MINUTES
Duration: 1-3 hours

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13
Q

What is Short-Acting Insulin made of? What is its onset and duration?

A

Zinc insulin crystals

  • Onset: 30 mins-1 hr
  • Duration: 10 hours
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14
Q

Which 2 Insulin types can be used for Overnight Coverage due to their 10-12 hour duration?

A

Short-Acting

Intermediate-Acting

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15
Q

Besides overnight coverage, what else can Short-Acting Insulin be used for?

A

Basal maintenance
IV for urgent situations
Postprandial Hyperglycemia

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16
Q

What is Intermediate-Acting Insulin made of?

A

NPH = Zinc insulin + Protamine

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17
Q

NPH’s use is decreasing. What are 2 things it can be used for?

A

Overnight coverage

Basal maintenance

18
Q

What is the onset and duration for the Long-Acting Insulins?

A

Onset: 3-4 hours
Duration: 24 hours

19
Q

What are the Long-Acting Insulins the best at?

A

Basal insulin maintenance

20
Q

Detemir and Glargine last for 24 hours to maintain basal insulin. How often must they be given and how?

A

1-2 SubQ injections daily

21
Q

If you are giving regular insulin for postprandial hyperglycemia, when should it be given?

A

45 mins before the meal

22
Q

If you are giving Rapid-Acting Insulins for postprandial hyperglycemia, when should they be given and how?

A

Before the meal via SubQ injection

23
Q

Insulin and Amylin Analogs can be used for what type of DM?

A

BOTH types

24
Q

What else besides DM can Insulin treat? What is the formula?

A

Hyperkalemia

= Insulin + glucose + Furosemide (loop diuretic)

25
How does Insulin treat Hyperkalemia?
(+) Na/K ATPase to shift K+ from extracellular to intracellular -- Furosemide diuretic causes excess K+ to be excreted too = Insulin + Glucose + Furosemide
26
What is the main adverse effect that occurs with Insulin Agents?
Hypoglycemia
27
Besides Hypoglycemia, what else can occur with insulin injections?
SubQ fat hypertrophy at injection site | IgG antibodies to Insulin which causes resistance
28
What are the signs of Hypoglycemia?
Altered mental status Increased HR, palpitations, sweating, tremor Nausea and hunger
29
What is the treatment for insulin induced hypoglycemia?
Glucose/Sucrose | Glucagon
30
What is the normal action of Amylin?
Secreted by pancreatic beta cells to enhance the actions of insulin
31
What does Pramlintide (-) and slow?
(-) glucagon secretion | SLOWS gastric emptying
32
Onset and duration of Pramlintide?
``` Onset = RAPID Duration = 3 hours ```
33
When is Pramlintide used?
WITH mealtime insulin therapy
34
When is Pramlintide used?
WITH mealtime insulin therapy
35
What are the adverse effects that can occur with Pramlintide?
GI distress Hypoglycemia Enhanced cholinergic drug effects like constipation
36
Through what 2 pathways does Insulin lower blood sugar?
- MAP KINASE | - P13K-AKT
37
What are 4 things that can elevated blood glucose?
T3/T4 Epinephrine Glucocorticoids Glucagon
38
What is the only thing that can lower blood glucose?
Insulin
39
Which Long-Acting Insulin does not have a peak?
Glargine
40
What 3 things can cause Hypoglycemia in a diabetic?
Insulin OD Exercise Missing a meal

ENRP - Exam 2 (21 decks)

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