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Year 3 Haematology > Thrombotic disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 elements of haemostasis

A

primary haemostasis
blood coagulation
fibrinolysis

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2
Q

primary haemostasis

A

vasoconstriction
platelet adhesion
platelet aggregation

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3
Q

thrombus

A

clot arising in the wrong place

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4
Q

thromboembolism

A

movement of a clot along a vessel

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5
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

stasis
hypercoagulability
vessel damage

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6
Q

Virchow’s triad and their causes

A

stasis - bed rest and travel
hypercoagulability - pregnancy and trauma
vessel damage - atherosclerosis

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7
Q

3 types of thrombosis

A

arterial
venous
microvasculature

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8
Q

what makes up an arterial thrombus?

A

white clot

platelets and fibrin

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9
Q

What does arterial thrombus result in?

A

ischaemia and infarction

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10
Q

what is arterial thrombus secondary to?

A

atherosclerosis

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11
Q

examples of arterial thromboembolism

A

MI, TIA, stroke, limb ischaemia

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12
Q

Risk factors for arterial thrombosis

A 
age 
smoking 
obesity 
diabetes 
hypertension 
hypercholesterolaemia 
sedentary lifestyle
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13
Q

managing arterial thrombus

A

primary prevention - risk factors and lifestyle
thrombolysis and meds
secondary prevention

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14
Q

What makes up a venous thrombus?

A

red thrombus

fibrin and red cells

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15
Q

What is the main cause of venous thrombus?

A

stasis and hypercoagulability

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16
Q

venous thrombus examples

A

limb DVT
PE
also visceral, intracranial etc

17
Q

risk factors for venous thrombosis

A 
age
obesity 
FH 
systemic disease 
COCP/HRT 
surgery 
immobility 
tissue trauma
18
Q

systemic disease and venous thrombus

A

cancer
myeloproliferative neoplasm
auto-immune eg IBD, SLE

19
Q

Pretest probability scoring for venous thrombus

A

Geneva score

wells score

20
Q

When do you perform lab test for venous thrombus and what is this?

A

D-dimer

pre-test probability score low

21
Q

Imaging used to diagnose venous thrombus

A

V/Q scan
doppler USS
CT pulmonary angiogram

22
Q

aim of venous thrombus management

A

prevent clot extension and embolization

prevent further clots

23
Q

venous thrombus drugs used

A

anticoagulants eg LMWH, warfarin and DOACs

thrombolysis?

24
Q

Heritable thrombophilia

A

Inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

25
Q

common heritable thrombophilia

A

factor V leiden

prothrombin G20210A

26
Q

Rare heritable thrombophilia

A

natural anti-coagulants

eg protein C+S, AT deficiency

27
Q

What makes up a microvascular thrombus?

A

platelets and/or fibrin

28
Q

What does microvascular thrombus principally occur in?

A

DIC

29
Q

What is DIC?

A

diffuse systemic coagulation activation

30
Q

What does DIC occur in?

A

septicaemia
malignancy
eclampsia

31
Q

What does DIC cause?

A

thrombus, ischaemia, gangrene, necrosis

32
Q

Why can DIC lead to bleeding?

A

consumption of platelets and clotting factors

Year 3 Haematology (18 decks)

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