Myeloid malignancy Flashcards
myeloid malignancy - 4 disorders
AML
CML
myeloproliferative neoplasms
myelodysplastic syndromes
Do leukaemic cells in AML or CML retain ability to differentiate?
CML
AML and CML - bone marrow failure?
AML
features of bone marrow failure
anaemia
thrombocytopenia
infection - usually bacteria and fungal
AML essential investigations
blood count and blood film bone marrow aspirate - trephine cytogenetics immunophenotype leukaemic blasts CSF exam if symtpoms
Treatment for AML
supportive care anti-leukaemic chemo allogenic stem cell transplant all trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide targeted treatment
CML symptoms
anaemia splenomegaly weight loss gout hyperleukostasis
hyperleukostasis associated features
fundal haemorrhage
venous congestion
resp failure
CLL lab features
High WCC high platelets anaemia hypercellular bone marrow bone marrow and blood cells contain Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome
translocation between Ch 9+22
CLL treatment
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
direct inhibitors of BCR-ABL
allogenic transplant
What is myelodysplastic syndrome
acquired clonal disorder of bone marrow
lab findings of myelodysplastic syndrome
macrocytic anaemia and pancytopenia
When can myelodysplastic syndrome be fatal?
progress to bone marrow failure or AML
3 myeloproliferative neoplasms
polycythaemia vera
essential thrombocythaemia
idiopathic myelofibrosis
polycythaemia vera features
headache, itch, vascular occlusion, thrombus, troke, splenomegaly
lab findings polycythaemia vera
increase Hb and haematocrit
increase WCC, platelets and uric acid
polycythaemia vera treatment
venesection and aspirin
polycythaemia vera progression
stroke/thrombus, bone marrow failure, AML
essential thrombocythaemia features
thrombus, digital ischaemia, headache
Treating essential thrombocythaemia
hydroxycarbamide and aspirin
