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Year 3 Haematology > Introduction to haematological malignancies > Flashcards

Introduction to haematological malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology of haematological malignancies

A

10% of human cancers
all age groups
adult males > females

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2
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma age peak

A

18-35

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3
Q

AML+ non Hodgkin age

A

increasing age - 65/70 start to peak

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of haematological malignancies

A

multi step process
acquired genetic alterations to a long lived cell
survival/proliferative advantage
malignant clone dominates tissue

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5
Q

ALL cells

A

lymphoid progenitor cells

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6
Q

AML cells

A

myeloid progenitor cells

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7
Q

myeloproliferative disorders cells

A 
neutrophils 
basophils 
eosinophils 
monocytes
platelets 
RBC
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8
Q

CLL cells

A

B lymphocytes

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9
Q

lymphoma cells

A

mature T and B cells (germinal centre)

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10
Q

myeloma cells

A

plasma cells

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11
Q

leukaemia vs lymphoma

A

area of distribution
leukaemia = bone marrow and blood
lymphoma = Lymph glands

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12
Q

Acute leukaemia

A

cells do not differentiate
rapidly fatal if untreated
bone marrow failure
potentially curable

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13
Q

chronic leukaemia

A

leukaemic cells retain ability to differentiate
no bone marrow failure
survival for few years
potentially curable

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14
Q

Modern therapy for chronic leukaemia

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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15
Q

Clinical features of acute leukaemia

A

anaemia
thrombocytopenic bleeding
infection - bacterial and fungal

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16
Q

Where do most lymphomas occur?

A

somatic hyperstimulation in germinal centre of LN

17
Q

Lymphoma presentation

A

nodal disease - lymphadenopathy
extranodal disease
systemic B symptoms

18
Q

systemic B symptoms

A

fever, drenching sweats, loss of 10% weight, pruritic, fatigue

19
Q

localised and painful lymphadenopathy

A

bacterial infection

20
Q

localised and painless lymphadenopathy

A

TB
metastatic carcinoma
lymphoma

21
Q

generalised and painful lymphadenopathy

A

HIV, EBV

22
Q

Generalised and painless lymphadenopathy

A

lymphoma

leukaemia

23
Q

clinical features of multiple myeloma

A 
anaemia 
bone pain and lytic lesions
hyperviscosity syndrome 
bleeding 
amyloidosis 
renal failure 
recurrent infection

Year 3 Haematology (18 decks)

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