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Year 3 Haematology > Myeloma and paraproteins > Flashcards

Myeloma and paraproteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main producer of B cells?

A

B cells - plasma cells

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2
Q

Primary role of antibodies

A

recognise and bind pathogens

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3
Q

antibodies - how many heavy and light chains?

A

2 of both

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4
Q

5 types of Ig heavy chain

A 
IgG
IgM 
IgA 
IgE 
IgD
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5
Q

What is the most prevalent antibody subclass?

A

IgG

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6
Q

2 types of light chains

A

kappa

lambda

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7
Q

Paraprotein

A

monoclonal immunoglobulin present in blood or urine

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8
Q

If paraprotein is present what does this tell us?

A

monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocyte/plasma cell

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9
Q

Serum protein electrophoresis

A

separates protein based on size and charge

bands of different widths and intensities based on proteins present

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10
Q

4 tests

A

total Ig levels
electrophoresis
immunofixation
light chains

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11
Q

Aim of immuofixation

A

identify what class of paraprotein present

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12
Q

IgM paraproteins =

A

lymphoma

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13
Q

IgG, IgA paraproteins

A

myeloma

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14
Q

myeloma

A

neoplastic disorder of plasma cells resulting in paraprotein

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15
Q

when does myeloma peak?

A

7th decade

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16
Q

Myeloma features

A 
bone disease 
- lytic lesions 
pathological fractures 
spinal cord compression 
hypercalcaemia 
bone marrow failure - anaemia 
infections
17
Q

effects of the paraprotein

A 
renal failure - cast nephropathy
hyperviscosity syndrome = bleeding 
hypogammaglobulinaemia
amyloidosis
nephrotic syndrome, carpal tunnel
18
Q

How is myeloma diagnosed?

A

excess plasma cells in bone marrow

>10% of total bone marrow cell population

19
Q

stage of myeloma based on…

A

albumin

beta 2 macroglobulin

20
Q

myeloma treatment

A 
chemotherapy 
bisphosphonate - zoledronic acid
radiotherapy 
steroids 
surgery 
autologous stem cell transplant
21
Q

Does IgM myeloma exist?

A

NO - lymphoma

Year 3 Haematology (18 decks)

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