Blood transfusion Flashcards
What are most blood transfusions for?
RBC
bleeding
ABO antigens
expressed on surface which can provoke antibodies
A, B, O - dominant, recessive
A and B are co-dominant
O is recessive
blood group A antibodies against
B
Blood group B antibodies against
A
Blood group AB antibodies against
no antibodies
Blood group O antibodies against
A +B
Red cell recipient - group A
donor A and O
Red cell recipient - group B
donor B and O
Red cell recipient - AB
donor AB, A, B, O
Red cell recipient - O
donor O
FFP recipient A, B, AB, O
A - A and AB
B - B and AB
AB - AB
O - all
When can RhD negative make anti-D?
exposed to RhD+ cells ie transfusion/pregnancy
What can Anti-D cause?
transfusion reactions
haemolytic disease of newborn
Blood donors screening
behaviours - sex, tattoo, travel
ABO and Rh
Hep E/B/C, HIV, syphilis
variable - eg malaria, zika
4 indications for red cell transfusion
correct severe acute anaemia - may otherwise cause organ damage
improve QOL for uncorrectable anaemia
prepare for surgery/speed up recovery
reverse damage eg sickle cell
RBC - storage and giving
4 degrees, transfuse over 2-4 hours
1 unit increments 5g/L
Fresh frozen plasma
1 unit from 1 unit of blood
30 minutes to thaw
platelets - storage and giving
22 degrees, 20-30 mins transfusion
cryoprecipitate
fibrinogen
stored frozen - 20 mins to thaw
“practical” blood banking
second sample
group and screen/save
cross match
group and screen
ABO and RhD
historical records
alloantibodies
coombs test
detect antibody on surface of RBC
anti human immunoglobulin
direct coombs
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
