Thinking and Language

Question 1

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 1

cognition

Question 2

mental image or best example of a category

Answer 2

prototype

Question 3

the process of finding a single best solution to a problem you are trying to solve

Answer 3

convergent thinking

Question 4

the process of creating many unique solutions in order to solve a problem, involves creativity

Answer 4

divergent thinking

Question 5

multiple choice question

Answer 5

convergent thinking

Question 6

essay question

Answer 6

divergent thinking

Question 7

breaking items down bit by bit

Answer 7

dissecting

Question 8

tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past

Answer 8

prior knowledge/mental set

Question 9

sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem,

Answer 9

insight

Question 10

methodical, logical, rule, or procedure that guarantees to solve a particular problem, time consuming

Answer 10

algorithm

Question 11

finding out a passcode by knowing number of characters

Answer 11

algorithm

Question 12

simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently, faster but more error prone

Answer 12

heuristic

Question 13

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common

Answer 13

Availably Heuristic

Question 14

judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent / match particular prototypes
ex hiring grandma rather than tattooed man to babysit

Answer 14

representative heuristic

Question 15

the way an issue is posed can effect decisions and judgments
ex buying labeled 75% lean not 25% fat

Answer 15

framing

Question 16

tendency to be more confident than correct

Answer 16

overconfidence

Question 17

tendency to search for more information that confirms ones perceptions

Answer 17

confirmation bias

Question 18

inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Answer 18

fixation

Question 19

tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Answer 19

functional fixedness

Question 20

what does the candle mounting problem represent

Answer 20

functional fixedness

Question 21

clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
knowing someone killed someone but liking them in the past so refusing to believe the evidence provided

Answer 21

belief perseverance

Question 22

the child understands commands

Answer 22

receptive language

Question 23

the child learns to speak

Answer 23

productive language

Question 24

stage 1 of lang development (1-2 mo)

Answer 24

cooing

Question 25

stage 2 of lang development (3-4 mo)

Answer 25

babbling

Question 26

Unable to determine the difference between sounds of different languages after what stage

Answer 26

babbling

Question 27

third stage in language development (1 yr)

Answer 27

one word stage / holophrastic stage

Question 28

speaking in mostly single words

Answer 28

one word stage / holophrastic stage

Question 29

fourth stage in language development (2 yrs)

Answer 29

two word stage

Question 30

speaking in 2 word statements

Answer 30

two word stage

Question 31

child speaks like a telegram "go car" and omitting auxiliary words

Answer 31

telegraphic speech

Question 32

telegraphic speech is in what stage

Answer 32

two word

Question 33

last stage in language development

Answer 33

sentence formation

Question 34

sudden, all words come together

Answer 34

sentence formation

Question 35

coined by Skinner, learning by watching, imitating, conditioning, environmental factors

Answer 35

social learning theory

Question 36

coined by Nom Chomsky, we acquire language too quickly for it to be learned , have LAD in our body

Answer 36

Inborn Universal Grammer

Question 37

LAD

Answer 37

Language Acquisition Device

Question 38

must learn to speak prior to puberty or brain parts involved in language will deteriorate

Answer 38

Critical Period

Question 39

Language determines the way we think

Answer 39

Whorfs linguistic determinism (relativity)

Question 40

our spoken, written, or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning

Answer 40

language

Question 41

the smallest distinctive sound unit

Answer 41

phoneme

Question 42

How many phoneme in chug

Answer 42

3

Question 43

How many phoneme in chin

Answer 43

3

Question 44

How many phoneme in thing

Answer 44

3

Question 45

How many phoneme in car

Answer 45

2

Question 46

How many phoneme in English language

Answer 46

44

Question 47

smallest unit that carries meaning

Answer 47

morpheme

Question 48

How many morpheme in people

Answer 48

1

Question 49

How many morpheme in waited

Answer 49

2

Question 50

How many morpheme in George's

Answer 50

2

Question 51

How many morpheme in unhappy

Answer 51

2

Question 52

rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences

Answer 52

semantics

Question 53

rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

Answer 53

syntax