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Psychology > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

bottom up processing

A

sensation

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2
Q

the process by which we receive physical energy from the environment through our senses then travels to the brain

A

sensation

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3
Q

the focusing of conscious awareness on one particular stimulus; choosing what to pay attention to

A

selective attention

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4
Q

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

inattention blindness

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5
Q

failing to notice changes in the environment

A

change blindness

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6
Q

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

absolute threshold

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7
Q

below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

subliminal

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8
Q

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time =, experience as a just noticeable difference

A

difference threshold

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9
Q

the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage

A

Webers law

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10
Q

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

A

sensory adaptation

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11
Q

when hot tubs don’t feel hot anymore because you’re used to it, this is because of

A

sensory adaptation

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12
Q

we can only hear one voice among many

A

cocktail party phenomenon

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13
Q

distance from peak to peak, determines the hue

A

frequency/wavelength

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14
Q

vision short waves=

A

bluish colors

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15
Q

vision long waves=

A

relish colors

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16
Q

determines the brightness

A

amplitude, intensity, height

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17
Q

vision greater amp=

A

brighter colors

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18
Q

vision shorter amp=

A

duller colors

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19
Q

outer layer of the eye

A

cornea

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20
Q

white gel between the lens &retina

A

vitreous humor/ fluid/chamber

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21
Q

adjustable opening in the center of the eye

A

pupil

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22
Q

muscle around the pupil, colored portion, controls the size

A

irus

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23
Q

transparent structure behind the pupil, changes shape to focus images on the retina

A

lens

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24
Q

the process of the lens changing shape to help focus on the near or far objects

A

accomodation

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25
Q

clouding of the lens; difficulty recognizing depth

A

cataracts

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26
Q

sharpness of vision

A

acuity

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27
Q

seeing things close up more clearly than far away

A

nearsightedness

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28
Q

seeing things far away more clearly than close up

A

farsightedness

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29
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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30
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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31
Q

inner surface of the eye, contains rods and cones, transduction takes place

A

retina

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32
Q

transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses

A

transduction

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33
Q

central point in the retina, house cones

A

forea

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34
Q

carries neural impulses to the brain (thalamus to occipital bone)

A

optic nerve

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35
Q

are individual neurons—or groups of neurons—in the brain which code for perceptually significant stimuli

A

feature detectors

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36
Q

allows us to see in bright light, different colors

A

cones

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37
Q

allows us to see black and whites, peripheral vision

A

rods

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38
Q

where the optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptor cells are located there

A

blind spot

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39
Q

stimultaneous processing of several aspects of a problem

A

parallel processing

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40
Q

we can’t see certain colors together in a combination, these are antagonists/ apponents colors

A

opponent processing theory

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41
Q

we have 3 cones (red, blue, green), all types of colors come from combinations of these colors

A

trichromatic theory

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42
Q

hereditary, Ishihara color test, color deficiency, usually reds and greens

A

color blindness

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43
Q

the sense of hearing

A

audition

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44
Q

the fleshy outer part of the ear

A

finna

45
Q

what sound waves travel down

A

auditory canal/eardrum

46
Q

eardrum/vibrations

A

tympanic membrane

47
Q

3 tiny bones in ear

A

hammer, anvil, stirrup

48
Q

membrane to be vibrated off to go to inner ear

A

oval window

49
Q

snail shaped, filled with fluid + cilia

A

cochlea

50
Q

when the fluid and cilia move, the sound waves turn to neural impulses

A

transduction

51
Q

nerve that sends impulse to temporal lobe

A

auditory nerve

52
Q

damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochea, damage to the outer/middle ear, can be fixed

A

conductional hearing loss

53
Q

damage to cilia, prolonged exposure to loud noise, pernament damage

A

nerve hearing loss/sesorineural

54
Q

hearing wavelength/ frequency determines

A

pitch

55
Q

hearing great wavelength =

A

higher pitch

56
Q

hearing lower wavelength =

A

lower pitch

57
Q

hearing amplitude determines

A

sounds and volume

58
Q

hearing great amp =

A

loud

59
Q

hearing lesser amp =

A

soft

60
Q

different hairs vibrate in the cochlea according to different pitches

A

place theory

61
Q

all the hairs vibrate but at different speeds

A

frequency theory

62
Q

nerve endings all over the skin in response to:

A

temperature, pain, pressure

63
Q

temperature’s are only:

A

HOT AND COLD

64
Q

where nerve endings are processed

A

sensory cortex

65
Q

receptors will fire if nerve endings are stimulated sharply

A

pain

66
Q

nociceptor

A

nerve endings

67
Q

small fibers open gate when pain is stimulated, large fibers close gate

A

Gate Control Theory

68
Q

sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attacked ,
(tough/sensory cortex)

A

phantom limb

69
Q

the sense of taste

A

gustation

70
Q

taste buds that absorb chemicals, and transduction occurs

A

papillae

71
Q

taste sensations:

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

72
Q

olfaction

A

smell

73
Q

nerve that carries smells to the brain

A

olfactory nerve

74
Q

where are body is oriented in space

A

vestibular sense

75
Q

tells us where body parts are

A

kinesthetic sense

76
Q

perceiving an image separate from its surroundings

A

figure ground

77
Q

our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

A

gestalt

78
Q

grouping of nearby figures together

A

proximity

79
Q

|| || || seeing 3 groups instead of 6 lines demonstrates

A

proximity

80
Q

grouping of figures that are similar

A

similarity

81
Q

If someone wheres Blue to a game, we assume they are an allegany fan. This demonstrates ?

A

similarity

82
Q

perceiving continuous patterns

A

continuity

83
Q

filling in gaps

A

closure

84
Q

< > , creating a square demonstrates

A

closure

85
Q

the ability to see objects in 3D, allows us to judge distance

A

depth perception

86
Q

test that determines whether or not a child has depth perception

A

Visual cliff

87
Q

the closer the object, the larger the disparity

A

retinal disparity

88
Q

two eyes move inward the closer the object

A

convergence

89
Q

a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon

A

linear perspective

90
Q

more distant objects are seen as smaller

A

relative size

91
Q

closer objects block further ones

A

INTERPOSITON

92
Q

clear images are seen more clearly than further ones

A

relative shadow

93
Q

closer objects appear faster

A

relative motion

94
Q

an illusion of movement when two or more adjacent lines or objects are blinking on and off

A

phi-phenomenon

95
Q

perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retina IMAGE change

A

perceptual constancy

96
Q

seeing a brick wall as red in the dark is

A

perceptual constancy- color

97
Q

seeing an open or closed door the same is

A

perceptual constancy- shape

98
Q

seeing people far away still as people sized and not as midgets

A

perceptual constancy- size

99
Q

experiences, assumptions, and expectations that influence what we perceive (someone liking a song and you not)

A

perceptual set

100
Q

our perceptions will vary based on context and background

A

context

101
Q

we have the ability to adjust to an artificial or distorted visual field

A

perceptual adaptation

102
Q

the study of paranormal phenomena

A

parapsychology

103
Q

controlling things w your mind, mind over matter

A

psychokinesis

104
Q

perception w out sensory input

A

Extra Sensory Perception

105
Q

reading minds

A

telepathy

106
Q

perceiving events that are currently happening elsewhere

A

clairvoyance

107
Q

ability to channel dead spirits

A

mediumship

108
Q

perceiving future events

A

precognition

109
Q

the people who study parapsychology

A

parapsychologists

Psychology (16 decks)

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