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Psychology > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

bottom up processing

A

sensation

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2
Q

the process by which we receive physical energy from the environment through our senses then travels to the brain

A

sensation

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3
Q

the focusing of conscious awareness on one particular stimulus; choosing what to pay attention to

A

selective attention

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4
Q

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

inattention blindness

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5
Q

failing to notice changes in the environment

A

change blindness

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6
Q

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

absolute threshold

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7
Q

below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

subliminal

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8
Q

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time =, experience as a just noticeable difference

A

difference threshold

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9
Q

the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage

A

Webers law

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10
Q

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

A

sensory adaptation

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11
Q

when hot tubs don’t feel hot anymore because you’re used to it, this is because of

A

sensory adaptation

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12
Q

we can only hear one voice among many

A

cocktail party phenomenon

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13
Q

distance from peak to peak, determines the hue

A

frequency/wavelength

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14
Q

vision short waves=

A

bluish colors

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15
Q

vision long waves=

A

relish colors

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16
Q

determines the brightness

A

amplitude, intensity, height

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17
Q

vision greater amp=

A

brighter colors

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18
Q

vision shorter amp=

A

duller colors

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19
Q

outer layer of the eye

A

cornea

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20
Q

white gel between the lens &retina

A

vitreous humor/ fluid/chamber

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21
Q

adjustable opening in the center of the eye

A

pupil

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22
Q

muscle around the pupil, colored portion, controls the size

A

irus

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23
Q

transparent structure behind the pupil, changes shape to focus images on the retina

A

lens

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24
Q

the process of the lens changing shape to help focus on the near or far objects

A

accomodation

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25
clouding of the lens; difficulty recognizing depth
cataracts
26
sharpness of vision
acuity
27
seeing things close up more clearly than far away
nearsightedness
28
seeing things far away more clearly than close up
farsightedness
29
myopia
nearsightedness
30
hyperopia
farsightedness
31
inner surface of the eye, contains rods and cones, transduction takes place
retina
32
transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses
transduction
33
central point in the retina, house cones
forea
34
carries neural impulses to the brain (thalamus to occipital bone)
optic nerve
35
are individual neurons—or groups of neurons—in the brain which code for perceptually significant stimuli
feature detectors
36
allows us to see in bright light, different colors
cones
37
allows us to see black and whites, peripheral vision
rods
38
where the optic nerve leaves the eye, no receptor cells are located there
blind spot
39
stimultaneous processing of several aspects of a problem
parallel processing
40
we can't see certain colors together in a combination, these are antagonists/ apponents colors
opponent processing theory
41
we have 3 cones (red, blue, green), all types of colors come from combinations of these colors
trichromatic theory
42
hereditary, Ishihara color test, color deficiency, usually reds and greens
color blindness
43
the sense of hearing
audition
44
the fleshy outer part of the ear
finna
45
what sound waves travel down
auditory canal/eardrum
46
eardrum/vibrations
tympanic membrane
47
3 tiny bones in ear
hammer, anvil, stirrup
48
membrane to be vibrated off to go to inner ear
oval window
49
snail shaped, filled with fluid + cilia
cochlea
50
when the fluid and cilia move, the sound waves turn to neural impulses
transduction
51
nerve that sends impulse to temporal lobe
auditory nerve
52
damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochea, damage to the outer/middle ear, can be fixed
conductional hearing loss
53
damage to cilia, prolonged exposure to loud noise, pernament damage
nerve hearing loss/sesorineural
54
hearing wavelength/ frequency determines
pitch
55
hearing great wavelength =
higher pitch
56
hearing lower wavelength =
lower pitch
57
hearing amplitude determines
sounds and volume
58
hearing great amp =
loud
59
hearing lesser amp =
soft
60
different hairs vibrate in the cochlea according to different pitches
place theory
61
all the hairs vibrate but at different speeds
frequency theory
62
nerve endings all over the skin in response to:
temperature, pain, pressure
63
temperature's are only:
HOT AND COLD
64
where nerve endings are processed
sensory cortex
65
receptors will fire if nerve endings are stimulated sharply
pain
66
nociceptor
nerve endings
67
small fibers open gate when pain is stimulated, large fibers close gate
Gate Control Theory
68
sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attacked , (tough/sensory cortex)
phantom limb
69
the sense of taste
gustation
70
taste buds that absorb chemicals, and transduction occurs
papillae
71
taste sensations:
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
72
olfaction
smell
73
nerve that carries smells to the brain
olfactory nerve
74
where are body is oriented in space
vestibular sense
75
tells us where body parts are
kinesthetic sense
76
perceiving an image separate from its surroundings
figure ground
77
our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
gestalt
78
grouping of nearby figures together
proximity
79
|| || || seeing 3 groups instead of 6 lines demonstrates
proximity
80
grouping of figures that are similar
similarity
81
If someone wheres Blue to a game, we assume they are an allegany fan. This demonstrates ?
similarity
82
perceiving continuous patterns
continuity
83
filling in gaps
closure
84
< > , creating a square demonstrates
closure
85
the ability to see objects in 3D, allows us to judge distance
depth perception
86
test that determines whether or not a child has depth perception
Visual cliff
87
the closer the object, the larger the disparity
retinal disparity
88
two eyes move inward the closer the object
convergence
89
a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon
linear perspective
90
more distant objects are seen as smaller
relative size
91
closer objects block further ones
INTERPOSITON
92
clear images are seen more clearly than further ones
relative shadow
93
closer objects appear faster
relative motion
94
an illusion of movement when two or more adjacent lines or objects are blinking on and off
phi-phenomenon
95
perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retina IMAGE change
perceptual constancy
96
seeing a brick wall as red in the dark is
perceptual constancy- color
97
seeing an open or closed door the same is
perceptual constancy- shape
98
seeing people far away still as people sized and not as midgets
perceptual constancy- size
99
experiences, assumptions, and expectations that influence what we perceive (someone liking a song and you not)
perceptual set
100
our perceptions will vary based on context and background
context
101
we have the ability to adjust to an artificial or distorted visual field
perceptual adaptation
102
the study of paranormal phenomena
parapsychology
103
controlling things w your mind, mind over matter
psychokinesis
104
perception w out sensory input
Extra Sensory Perception
105
reading minds
telepathy
106
perceiving events that are currently happening elsewhere
clairvoyance
107
ability to channel dead spirits
mediumship
108
perceiving future events
precognition
109
the people who study parapsychology
parapsychologists

Psychology (16 decks)

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