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Psychology > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

a need or desire that energizes and directs behaviors

A

motivation

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2
Q

unlearned behavior that is passed on from generation to generation; evolutionary behavior

A

instinct

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3
Q

a physiological need that creates an aroused tension state

(a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need

A

drive reduction theory

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4
Q

what is the goal of the drive reduction theory?

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

balanced internal state

A

homeostasis

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6
Q

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviors (based on reward and punishment)

A

incentive

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7
Q

desire to perform a behavior because you want to

A

intrinsic motivation

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8
Q

desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

A

extrinsic motivation

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9
Q

occurs when an external incentive decreases a persons intrinsic motivation; babysitting once for money then never again unless money is promised

A

over-justification effect

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10
Q

start by satisfying basic needs then moving to complex

A

mallows hierarchy of needs

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11
Q

What are mallows hierarchy of needs in order

A

physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love, self esteem needs, self actualization

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12
Q

reaching full potential, accomplishment of all goals

A

self actualization

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13
Q

needs are met = seek information and stimulation; lack of stimulation = bored; too much = stress

A

optimal arousal

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14
Q

we week best at moderate levels of arousal for more tasks, especially cognitive and mental tasks

A

yerkes dodson law

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15
Q

theory behind a human infant rooting to find the mother’s nipple

A

instinct

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16
Q

theory behind getting a glass of water when you are thirsty

A

drive reduction

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17
Q

theory behind going for a walk when you are worried or restless

A

optimal arousal

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18
Q

theory behind reading a book on a long car ride

A

optimal arousal

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19
Q

theory behind studying hard to pass an exam

A

incentive

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20
Q

theory behind crying when hurt or upset

A

instinct

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21
Q

theory behind developing a lasting, intimate relationship

A

incentive/ instinct

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22
Q

theory behind going to college

A

incentive

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23
Q

stomach contractions accompany our feelings of hunger

A

cannon + Washburn

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24
Q

blood sugar gives us energy; low= hunger

A

Glucose Theory

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25
Q

hormones are released as hunger is felt

A

hypothalamus

26
Q

hormone released by the pancreas

A

insulin

27
Q

hormone released by the stomach

A

Grelin

28
Q

hormone released by the hypothalamus

A

orexin

29
Q

hormone released from fat cells

A

leptin

30
Q

hormone released from digestive tract

A

PYY

31
Q

lateral hypothalamus- lesion =

A

full

32
Q

lateral hypothalamus- stimulate =

A

hunger

33
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus - lesion =

A

hunger

34
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus - stimulate

A

full

35
Q

point at which an individuals “weight thermostat” is supposedly set, by the hypothalamus

A

set point theory

36
Q

who came up with the set point theory

A

reesy + powley

37
Q

feel hungry when our body temp drops, supports by we tend to beat more in the winter or not eat when we are sick

A

heat production theory

38
Q

who proposed the heat production theory

A

brobeck

39
Q

what are the psychological factors associated with hunger

A
  1. Learned behaviors (meal times)
  2. Stress/ emotion
  3. taste/ smell/ appearance (cultural)
40
Q

being over 20 % over ideal body weight

A

obesity

41
Q

what are the health risks of being obese

A

cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, cancer and back problems

42
Q

what are the social effects of being obese

A

ridicule, insurance, attitude

43
Q

what are the causes of being obese

A

overheating, fast food, processed food, lack of exercise, large portions

44
Q

when a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to stave

A

anorexia nervosa

45
Q

disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

A

bulimia nervosa

46
Q

reasons for eating disorders

A

family
genetics
cultural

47
Q

a desire of significant personal accomplishment, having high standards for self

A

achievement motivation

48
Q

refers to our enduring sexual attraction (homo hetero bi)

A

sexual orientation

49
Q

What theory has no evidence behind someones sexual orientation

A

their upbringing , social

50
Q

Twins usually have the same sexual orientation supports that sexual orientation is motivated by

A

biological factors

51
Q

Who looked at the hypothalamus cells when dealing with sexual orientation

A

Simon LeVay

52
Q

What did hypothalamus cells show when dealing with sexual orientation

A

Cells were smaller in homo males

Homo males had activity in hypo when sweat was smelled

53
Q

How do animals support that sexual orientation is due to biological factors

A

Animals are devoted to same sex partners

54
Q

What can effect sexual orientation in the prenatal environment

A

Prenatal environment

55
Q

more older brothers more likely to be gay if you’re right handed

A

Fraternal Birth- Order Effect

56
Q

four phases of sexual response cycle

A

excitement , plateau , orgasm, resolution

57
Q

managers believe that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment

A

theory x

58
Q

what theory of managers think employees are extrinsically motivated

A

theory x

59
Q

managers believed that employees are internally motivated to do good work + policies should encourage this internal motive

A

theory y

60
Q

approach- approach

A

2 pos choices to pick

61
Q

avoidance - avoidance

A

2 neg

62
Q

approach - avoidance

A

1 pos and 1 neg

Psychology (16 decks)

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