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Psychology > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of the link between biology and behavior, as well as mental processes

A

neuroscience

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2
Q

nerve cell, basic unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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3
Q

receive inputs from neighboring neurons

A

dendrites

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4
Q

contains the cell nucleus

A

cell body/soma

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5
Q

determines which message to send based on the threshold

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Outputs structure, sends messages away from cell body

A

axon

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7
Q

2 parts of axon

A

axon and axon terminal

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8
Q

white fatty casing on axon, insulator, increases the speed of neural signals

A

myelin sheath

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9
Q

impulse traveling down the axon to the terminal

A

action potential

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10
Q

active impulse

A

depolarized

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11
Q

nonactive, resting impulse

A

polarized

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12
Q

send impulse or it will stop

A

all or none response

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13
Q

tiny gap between neurons

A

synapse

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14
Q

store neurotransmitters/ chemical messengers

A

synaptic vesicles

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15
Q

fit like a lock and key at the binding sights

A

neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Put the steps in order:

  1. Nuclei send impulse
  2. Synaptic vesicles are simulated
  3. neurotransmitters connect to the binding site
  4. action potential is taking place
  5. neurotransmitters cross the synapse
  6. dentrities receive message
A

6, 1, 4, 2, 5, 3

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17
Q

regulate certain behaviors and bodily processes and adequate balance

A

neurotransmitters

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18
Q

Function of ACH (Acetycholine)

A

regulate movement and memory

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19
Q

Lack of ACH

A

Alzheimers

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20
Q

increase of ACH

A

Black widow venom

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21
Q

Function of Serotonin

A

controls mood and hunger

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22
Q

lack of serotonin

A

depression

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23
Q

increase of serotonin

A

poor appetite

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24
Q

function of dopamine

A

motor movement, attention, and alertness

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25
Q

lack of dopamine

A

parkinsons

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26
Q

increase of dopamine

A

schizophrenia

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27
Q

function of endorphins

A

released in response to pain and exercise

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28
Q

increase of endorphins

A

opioids, feel no pain

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29
Q

lack of endorphins

A

feel pain

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30
Q

function of ephinephine

A

alertness, arousal

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31
Q

increase neurotransmitters

A

agonists

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32
Q

decrease neurotransmitters

A

antagonists

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33
Q

carries impulses from the senses to the Brain

A

sensory neuron, afferent

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34
Q

carries info from the brain tp the body

A

motor neuron, efferent

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35
Q

connect sensory and motor neurons, reflexes, occurs in the spine

A

interneurons

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36
Q

2 parts of nervous system

A

peripheral and central

37
Q

includes the brain and the spinal cord

A

Central Nervous system (CNS)

38
Q

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

A

somatic

39
Q

controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands

A

autonomic

40
Q

arousing, organs and glands, fight or flight response

A

sympathetic

41
Q

increases heart rate, breathing, pupils dilate, glucose is released. decreases salvation and digestion

A

sympathetic side effects

42
Q

normal conditions, calming

A

parasympathetic

43
Q

system of glands that secrete hormone, works similar but slower than neurotransmitters

A

endocrine system

44
Q

master gland, tells all glands when to release hormones

A

pituitary gland

45
Q

controls metabolism

A

thyroid gland

46
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenal

47
Q

sex hormones

A

testies and ovaries

48
Q

right above spine, only part of the Brain you can’t live without, controls vital functions and blood pressure

A

hindbrain , oldbrain

49
Q

parts of hindbrain:

A

medula, thalamus, reticular formation, cerebellum, pons

50
Q

controls heartbeat, breathing

A

medula

51
Q

receives sensory information, sends to appropriate areas of forebrain, switchboard

A

thalmus

52
Q

part of the brain that controls arousal and alertness

A

reticular formation

53
Q

voluntary movements and balance, little brain

A

cerebellum

54
Q

sleep and brain, face recognition, coordinate movement

A

pons

55
Q

two neural clusters linked to fear and anger

A

Amygdala

56
Q

regulates thirst, hunger, body temp, control of emotions, anything hormonal, growth, metabolism, sex drive, reward/pleasure center

A

hypothalamus

57
Q

helps w memory

A

hippocampus

58
Q

the emotions and midbrian

A

Limbic system

59
Q

parts of limbic system

A

amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus

60
Q

forebrain parts

A

cereal cortex, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

61
Q

contains wrinkles called fissures in the brain, increases the size

A

cerebral cortex

62
Q

planning, judgement, abstract thought, contains Brocas Area + motor cortex

A

frontal lobe

63
Q

only found on left side, speech

A

brocas area

64
Q

somatic / sensory cortex, mathematical and spatial reasoning

A

partital lobe

65
Q

vision

A

occipital lobe

66
Q

auditory cortex, facial recognition, wernickes area

A

temporal lobe

67
Q

impairment of language

A

aphasia

68
Q

speech

A

broca area

69
Q

understanding language

A

wernikes

70
Q

auditory cortex

A

processes sound

71
Q

involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, speaking, any part of the Brain not involved in motor/sensor

A

association areas

72
Q

the brains ability to modify itself after injury or illness

A

plasticity

73
Q

associated with plasticity, because of that this procedure can be done

A

hemispherectomy

74
Q

each side has 4 lobes, left controls right, right controls left

A

hemispheres

75
Q

controls academic, social, speech center

A

left side of brain

76
Q

controls creativity, spatial tasks, depth, distance

A

right side of brain

77
Q

band of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

78
Q

serving the corpus callosum in the 1960s bc of epileptic seizures

A

Split Brain Research

79
Q

Problem with split brain research

A

patients could not register anything from left eye to right brain, couldst say what they saw but could pick up item

80
Q

ways to study the brain

A

accidents, lesion, imaging, function tests

81
Q

earliest way to study the brain, Phineas Gage

A

accidents

82
Q

destroyed brain tissue and records action after

A

lesion

83
Q

shows damage to physical structure of the brain

A

imaging

84
Q

examples of imaging

A

CT (xray, cheaper)

MRI (computer generated, expensive)

85
Q

function test

A

Pet
FMRI
EEG

86
Q

cheeper, measures glucose in the brain and shows active parts of the brain

A

PET

87
Q

measures blood flow, brain active = blood flow

A

FMRI

88
Q

Records the electrical wave activity

A

electroencephalogram

Psychology (16 decks)

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