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Psychology > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the link between biology and behavior, as well as mental processes

A

neuroscience

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2
Q

nerve cell, basic unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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3
Q

receive inputs from neighboring neurons

A

dendrites

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4
Q

contains the cell nucleus

A

cell body/soma

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5
Q

determines which message to send based on the threshold

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Outputs structure, sends messages away from cell body

A

axon

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7
Q

2 parts of axon

A

axon and axon terminal

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8
Q

white fatty casing on axon, insulator, increases the speed of neural signals

A

myelin sheath

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9
Q

impulse traveling down the axon to the terminal

A

action potential

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10
Q

active impulse

A

depolarized

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11
Q

nonactive, resting impulse

A

polarized

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12
Q

send impulse or it will stop

A

all or none response

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13
Q

tiny gap between neurons

A

synapse

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14
Q

store neurotransmitters/ chemical messengers

A

synaptic vesicles

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15
Q

fit like a lock and key at the binding sights

A

neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Put the steps in order:

  1. Nuclei send impulse
  2. Synaptic vesicles are simulated
  3. neurotransmitters connect to the binding site
  4. action potential is taking place
  5. neurotransmitters cross the synapse
  6. dentrities receive message
A

6, 1, 4, 2, 5, 3

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17
Q

regulate certain behaviors and bodily processes and adequate balance

A

neurotransmitters

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18
Q

Function of ACH (Acetycholine)

A

regulate movement and memory

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19
Q

Lack of ACH

A

Alzheimers

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20
Q

increase of ACH

A

Black widow venom

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21
Q

Function of Serotonin

A

controls mood and hunger

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22
Q

lack of serotonin

A

depression

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23
Q

increase of serotonin

A

poor appetite

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24
Q

function of dopamine

A

motor movement, attention, and alertness

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25
lack of dopamine
parkinsons
26
increase of dopamine
schizophrenia
27
function of endorphins
released in response to pain and exercise
28
increase of endorphins
opioids, feel no pain
29
lack of endorphins
feel pain
30
function of ephinephine
alertness, arousal
31
increase neurotransmitters
agonists
32
decrease neurotransmitters
antagonists
33
carries impulses from the senses to the Brain
sensory neuron, afferent
34
carries info from the brain tp the body
motor neuron, efferent
35
connect sensory and motor neurons, reflexes, occurs in the spine
interneurons
36
2 parts of nervous system
peripheral and central
37
includes the brain and the spinal cord
Central Nervous system (CNS)
38
controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
somatic
39
controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands
autonomic
40
arousing, organs and glands, fight or flight response
sympathetic
41
increases heart rate, breathing, pupils dilate, glucose is released. decreases salvation and digestion
sympathetic side effects
42
normal conditions, calming
parasympathetic
43
system of glands that secrete hormone, works similar but slower than neurotransmitters
endocrine system
44
master gland, tells all glands when to release hormones
pituitary gland
45
controls metabolism
thyroid gland
46
epinephrine
adrenal
47
sex hormones
testies and ovaries
48
right above spine, only part of the Brain you can't live without, controls vital functions and blood pressure
hindbrain , oldbrain
49
parts of hindbrain:
medula, thalamus, reticular formation, cerebellum, pons
50
controls heartbeat, breathing
medula
51
receives sensory information, sends to appropriate areas of forebrain, switchboard
thalmus
52
part of the brain that controls arousal and alertness
reticular formation
53
voluntary movements and balance, little brain
cerebellum
54
sleep and brain, face recognition, coordinate movement
pons
55
two neural clusters linked to fear and anger
Amygdala
56
regulates thirst, hunger, body temp, control of emotions, anything hormonal, growth, metabolism, sex drive, reward/pleasure center
hypothalamus
57
helps w memory
hippocampus
58
the emotions and midbrian
Limbic system
59
parts of limbic system
amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
60
forebrain parts
cereal cortex, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
61
contains wrinkles called fissures in the brain, increases the size
cerebral cortex
62
planning, judgement, abstract thought, contains Brocas Area + motor cortex
frontal lobe
63
only found on left side, speech
brocas area
64
somatic / sensory cortex, mathematical and spatial reasoning
partital lobe
65
vision
occipital lobe
66
auditory cortex, facial recognition, wernickes area
temporal lobe
67
impairment of language
aphasia
68
speech
broca area
69
understanding language
wernikes
70
auditory cortex
processes sound
71
involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, speaking, any part of the Brain not involved in motor/sensor
association areas
72
the brains ability to modify itself after injury or illness
plasticity
73
associated with plasticity, because of that this procedure can be done
hemispherectomy
74
each side has 4 lobes, left controls right, right controls left
hemispheres
75
controls academic, social, speech center
left side of brain
76
controls creativity, spatial tasks, depth, distance
right side of brain
77
band of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres
corpus callosum
78
serving the corpus callosum in the 1960s bc of epileptic seizures
Split Brain Research
79
Problem with split brain research
patients could not register anything from left eye to right brain, couldst say what they saw but could pick up item
80
ways to study the brain
accidents, lesion, imaging, function tests
81
earliest way to study the brain, Phineas Gage
accidents
82
destroyed brain tissue and records action after
lesion
83
shows damage to physical structure of the brain
imaging
84
examples of imaging
CT (xray, cheaper) | MRI (computer generated, expensive)
85
function test
Pet FMRI EEG
86
cheeper, measures glucose in the brain and shows active parts of the brain
PET
87
measures blood flow, brain active = blood flow
FMRI
88
Records the electrical wave activity
electroencephalogram

Psychology (16 decks)

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