Thigh Region Flashcards
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus, sartorius, iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus), and quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)
What are the three compartments of the thigh?
Anterior (extensor), medial (ADD), and posterior (flexor)
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus
What is the adductor hiatus?
Opening between the distal aponeurotic attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus and the tendon of the hamstring part
What are the contents of the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery and vein
When does the femoral triangle occur?
Occurs as a depression inferior to the inguinal ligament when the thigh is flexed, ABD, and ER
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superiorly - inguinal ligament
Medially - adductor longus
Laterally - sartorius
What is the apex of the femoral triangle?
Medial border of the sartorius crosses the lateral border of the adductor longus
What is the base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
What is the floor of the femoral triangle?
Laterally - iliopsoas
Medially - pectineus
What is the roof of the femoral triangle?
Fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Lateral to medial: femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal, and deep inguinal lymph nodes and associated lymphatic vessels
What is the retroinguinal space and its compartments?
Created as the inguinal ligament spans the gap between the ASIS and pubic tubercle - medial and lateral compartments divided by ilipsoas fascia
What is the medial compartment of the retroinguinal space?
Allows passage of the veins, arteries, and lymphatics between the greater pelvis and the femoral triangle
What is the lateral compartment of the retroinguinal space?
Muscular compartment through which the iliopsoas and femoral nerve pass
What bissects the femoral triangle?
Femoral artery and vein which pass to and from the adductor canal at its apex
What is the adductor canal?
Intermuscular passageway for the femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to the vastus medialis
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
Anteriorly and laterally - vastus medialis
Posteriorly - adductor longus and adductor magnus
Medially - sartorius
What is the roof of the adductor canal?
Sartorius
What are the three compartments of the femoral sheath?
Lateral - for the femoral artery
Medial - for the femoral canal
Intermediate - for the femoral vein
What is the base of the femoral canal?
Femoral ring
What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?
Laterally - femoral septum between the femoral canal and the femoral vein
Posteriorly - superior pubic ramus covered by the pectineus and its fascia
Medially - lacunar ligament
Anteriorly - medial part of the inguinal ligament
Semitendinosous
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of the superior part of the tibia
Innervation: tibial divison of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1, S2)
Action: extend thigh, flex leg and IR when knee is flexed, extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed
Semimembranosous
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia
Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Action: extend thigh, flex leg and IR when knee is flexed, and extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed
Biceps femoris long head
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lateral surface of the head of the fibula
Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Action: flex leg, ER when knee is flexed, and extend thigh
Biceps femoris short head
Origin: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion: lateral surface of the head of the fibula
Innervation: common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Action: flex leg, ER when knee is flexed, and extend thigh
Rectus femoris
Origin: AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum
Insertion: base of patella via quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Action: extend leg at knee joint and helps iliopsoas flex the thigh
Vastus lateralis
Origin: lateral lip of the linea aspera and greater trochanter of the femur
Insertion: base of the patella via the quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament, and tibia and patella via aponeuroses
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Action: extend leg at knee joint
Vastus medialis
Origin: medial lip of the linea aspera and the intertrochanteric line
Insertion: base of the patella via the quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament, and tibia and patella via aponeuroses
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Action: extend leg at knee joint
Vastus intermedius
Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur
Insertion: base of patella via quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Action: extend leg at knee joint
Pectineus
Origin: superior pubic ramus
Insertion: pectineal line of femur
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3)
Action: ADD and flex thigh and assist with IR
Sartorius
Origin: ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it
Insertion: superior part of medial surface of the tibia
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3)
Action: ABD, flex, and ER thigh at hip joint and flex leg at knee joint
Psoas major
Origin: lumbar transverse processes and sides of T12-L5 vertebral bodies and intervening discs
Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur
Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2,L3)
Action: flex thigh at hip joint and stabilize hip joint
Iliacus
Origin: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligament
Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur and psoas major tendon
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3)
Action: flex thigh at hip joint and help stabilize hip joint
Adductor longus
Origin: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera of the femur
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Action: ADD thigh
Adductor brevis
Origin: body and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4)
Action: ADD thigh and some flexion
Adductor magnus
Origin: (adductor) ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus; (hamstring) ischial tuberosity
Insertion: (adductor) linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and gluteal tuberosity; (hamstring) adductor tubercle of femur
Innervation: (adductor) obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4); (hamstring) tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L4)
Action: ADD thigh - (adductor) flexes thigh; (hamstring) extends thigh
Gracilis
Origin: body and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3)
Action: ADD thigh, flex leg, and help IR
Obturator externus
Origin: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3)
Action: ER thigh and steadies head of femur in acetabulum
