Knee Joint

Question 0

What are the three articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 0

Medial and lateral femorotibial articulations and an intermediate femoropatellar articulation

Question 1

Knee joint and movements

Answer 1

Synovial hinge joint - gliding, rolling, and rotation about a vertical axis - specifically flexion and extension and some rotation when the knee is flexed

Question 2

What are the five capsular (intrinsic) ligaments of the knee joint?

Answer 2

Patellar, fibular collateral, tibial collateral, oblique popliteal, and arcuate popliteal ligaments

Question 3

When are the collateral ligaments of the knee taught?

Answer 3

When the knee is fully extended (become slack as knee is flexed to permit rotation)

Question 4

What is the patellar ligament?

Answer 4

Joins patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 5

What is the fibular collateral ligament?

Answer 5

Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula

Question 6

What is the tibial collateral ligament?

Answer 6

Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

Question 7

What is the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 7

Arises posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the joint capsule

Question 8

What is the arcuate popliteal ligament?

Answer 8

Arises from the posterior aspect of the fibular head, passes superomedially over the tendon of the popliteus, and spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint

Question 9

What are the intra-articular structures of the knee joint?

Answer 9

Cruciate ligaments and menisci

Question 10

How much medial rotation is permitted by the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 10

10 degrees

Question 11

How much lateral rotation is permitted by the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 11

60 degrees when the knee is flexed more than 90 degrees

Question 12

Which cruciate ligament is weaker?

Answer 12

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 13

What does the ACL limit?

Answer 13

Posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau during flexion and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint

Question 14

What does the PCL limit?

Answer 14

Anterior rolling of the femur on the tibial plateau during extension and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur as well as hyperflexion of the knee joint

Question 15

What is the main stabilizing factor for the femur when the knee is flexed in a weight bearing position?

Answer 15

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 16

What is the medial mensicus?

Answer 16

C-shaped and broader posteriorly

Question 17

What is the lateral mensicus?

Answer 17

Nearly circular and is smaller and more freely moveable than the medial mensicus

Question 18

“Locked” position

Answer 18

Medial rotation of the femur on the tibia

Question 19

“Unlocked” position

Answer 19

Popliteal muscle contracts rotating the femur laterally about 5 degrees on the tibial plateau so that flexion of the knee can occur

Question 20

Q angle

Answer 20

Angle between vertical line and angle of pull of quadriceps