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Anatomy - Lower Limb and Face > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three parts of the foot?

A
  1. Hindfoot - talus and calcaneous
  2. Midfoot - navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
  3. Forefoot - metatarsals and phalanges
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1
Q

What are the seven tarsal bones?

A

Calcaneous, talus, cuboid, navicular, and medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms

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2
Q

What are the four regions of the foot?

A
  1. Plantar region - part contacting ground
  2. Dorsal region of foot
  3. Heel region - sole underlying the calcaneous
  4. Ball of foot - sole underlying the heads of the medial two metatarsals
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3
Q

What are the four compartments of the sole of the foot?

A

Medial, central, lateral, and interosseous compartment of the foot

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4
Q

What structures are in the medial compartment of the foot?

A

Abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, tendon of the flexor hallucis longus, and the medial plantar nerve and vessels

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5
Q

What structures are in the central compartment of the sole?

A

Flexor digitorum brevis, flexor digitorum longus, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, adductor hallucis, distal part of tendon of flexor hallucis longus, and lateral plantar nerve and vessels

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6
Q

What structures are in the lateral compartment of the sole?

A

Abductor digiti minimi brevis and flexor digiti minimi brevis

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7
Q

What are the structures in the interosseous compartment of the sole?

A

Metatarsals, dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles, and deep plantar and metatarsal vessels

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8
Q

What is the most active muscle during the push-off phase?

A

Adductor hallucis

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9
Q

What are the muscles in the first layer of the foot?

A

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi

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10
Q

What are the muscles in the second layer of the foot?

A

Quadratus plantae and lumbricals

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11
Q

What are the muscles in the third layer of the foot?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, and flexor digiti minimi

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12
Q

What are the muscles in the fourth layer of the foot?

A

Plantar interossei and dorsal interossei

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13
Q

What are the major ligaments of the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, long plantar ligament, and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

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14
Q

What does the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament do?

A

Supports the head of the talus, transfers weight of the talus, and maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot

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15
Q

What does the long plantar ligament do?

A

Maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot

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16
Q

What does the plantar calcaneocuboid (short) ligament do?

A

Maintains longitudinal arch of the foot

17
Q

What are the joints of the foot?

A

Subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular, calcaneocuboid, cuneoclavicular, tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints

18
Q

What are the four arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal, medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arch of the foot

19
Q

What composes the longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Medial and lateral longitudinal arches

20
Q

What bones comprise the medial arch of the foot?

A

Calcaneous, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and three metatarsals

21
Q

What bones comprise the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Calcaneous, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals

22
Q

What two joints comprise the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Talonavicular joint part of talocalcaneonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint

23
Q

What bones comprise the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Cuboid, three cuneiforms, and bases of the metatarsals

24
Q

What maintains the integrity of the bony arches of the foot?

A

Passive forces: plantar aponeurosis, spring ligament, long ligament, and short ligament
Dynamic forces: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, and intrinsic plantar muscles

25
Q

What structures bear the greatest stress in maintaining the arches of the foot?

A

Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

26
Q

What motions occur at the hind foot?

A

Inversion and eversion

27
Q

What motions occur at the mid foot and fore foot?

A

Pronation and supination

28
Q

Pronation

A

Plantar flexion of calcaneus, ABD forefoot, and eversion of hind foot

29
Q

Supination

A

Dorsiflexion of calcaneus, ADD of forefoot, and inversion of hind foot

30
Q

What ligament prevents inversion of the foot?

A

Lateral ligament

31
Q

What ligament prevents eversion of the foot?

A

Deltoid ligament

32
Q

Abductor hallucis

A

Origin: medial tubercle of the tuberosity of the calcaneos, plantar aponeurosis, and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: medial side of base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: ABD and flexes 1st digit

33
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of the calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

Insertion: both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: flexes lateral four digits

34
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin: medial and lateral tubercles of the tuberosity of the calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

Insertion: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th metatarsal

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: ABD and flexes 5th digit

35
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

Origin: medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneous

Insertion: posterolateral margin of the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: assists in flexing the lateral four digits

36
Q

Lumbricals

A

Origin: tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Insertion: medial aspect of the expansion over the lateral four digits

Innervation: (2nd) medial plantar nerve (S2,S3) and (3rd-5th) lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: flex proximal phalanges and extend at MIP and DIP joints of lateral four digits

37
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

Insertion: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

38
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

Origin: (oblique head) bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals; (transverse head) plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th MTP joints

Insertion: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit

Innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: ADD 1st digit

39
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th metatarsal

Innervation: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

40
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Origin: bases and medial sides of 3rd-5th metatarsals

Insertion: medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Action: ADD digits 3-5 and flexes at MTP joints

41
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Origin: adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

Insertion: (1st) medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit and (2-4th) lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

Innervation: none

Action: ABD 2-4th digits and flexes at MTP joints

Anatomy - Lower Limb and Face (16 decks)

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