THERMDYNAMICS Flashcards
a region of the universe that we direct attention to
SYSTEM
everything outside a system; anything around u can affect u
SURROUNDING
separates the system from its surroundings
BOUNDARY
- open to its surroundings
- matter itself is being shared with its energy to its surroundings
OPEN SYSTEM
matter is not exposed to the surroundings but the energy still moves
CLOSED SYSTEM
- no energy shared
- no exposed matter
ISOLATED SYSTEM
Energy may transfer in the form of ____ or in the form of ____
HEAT
WORK
is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are different temperatures
HEAT
transfer of energy as a result of **temperature difference **
HEAT
absence of heat
COLD
only ____ is transferrable
HEAT
u can’t transfer cold
- direct physical transfer
- movement of heat from a body to another with direct contact
CONDUCTION
movement of heat through air
CONVECTION
movement of heat from the sun to a person/an object
RADIATION
is either be done by the system (-) or on the system (+)
WORK
a system can ____ work or can be ____ by work
EXERT
AFFECTED
states that if two systems are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third system, the two original systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other
ZERO LAW
- states that energy can be converted from one form to another with the interaction of heat, work and internal energy, but it cannot be created nor destroyed, under any circumstances
- “conservation of energy”
FIRST LAW
flow of heat is always from a ____ body to a ____ body
HOTTER TO COLDER
- entropy will always increase (+)
- about the spontaneity of processes
- states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as a closed isolated system, will always increase over time
- FREE GAS: ∆G = ∆H - T ∆ S
SECOND LAW
∆
delta, change
refers to the heat change for a reaction
∆H
a measure for the change of a system’s free energy
∆G
means that heat is taken from the environment (endothermic)
H+
means that heat is emitted or given to the environment (exothermic)
H-
the process occurs spontaneously
G < 0
system at equilibrium
G = 0
the process is not spontaneous as written but occurs spontaneously in the reverse direction
G > 0
- most uncommon
- states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance is zero at absoulte temp (0 Kelvin)
- a pure perfect crystal has only one possible configuration and its entropy is zero
THIRD LAW
