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PHYPHARM > MOD 1 > Flashcards

MOD 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

AGENT/SUBSTANCE intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, and prevention of disease

A

DRUG

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2
Q
  • Form suited for ADMINISTRATION to the patient
  • Used in MAXIMIZING and OPTIMIZING the
    benefit and efficacy of the drug
A

DOSAGE FORM

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3
Q
  • FINISHED DOSAGE FORM that contains ACTIVE INGREDIENT & EXCIPIENTS
  • Active ingredients + excipients =
A

DRUG PRODUCT

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4
Q

it is also considered as the ACTIVE INGREDIENT that is PRESENT in the drug product

A

DRUG

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5
Q

used to deliver medications to SPECIFIC AREAS

A

PHYSICAL CARRIERS

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6
Q

Means of administering drugs to the body in a safe, efficient, reproducible, and convenient manner

A

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

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7
Q

can be a combination of liquid & solid, liquid & gas, solid & gas

A

POLYPHASIC

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8
Q

POLY means

A

MANY

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9
Q

PHASIC means

A

FORM

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10
Q

Dosage forms are grouped by their

A

STATE OF MATTER

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11
Q
  • Science that deals with the DEVELOPMENT/FORMULATION of drug
  • Monitors how drug products are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body (biopharm)
  • Physical pharmacy
A

PHARMACEUTICS

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12
Q

Combine a broad range of scientific disciplines that are critical to the DISOCVERY AND DEVELOPMENT of NEW DRUGS & THERAPIES

A

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

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13
Q

o Synthesis of new drug molecules
o Identify compounds that treat diseases
o Design, deliver the drug to the site of action
o Natural / synthetic ingredients

A

DRUG DISCOVERY & DESIGN

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14
Q

uses PRECURSORS

A

SYNTHETIC INGREDIENTS

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15
Q

chemical compounds that HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED ALREADY

A

PRECURSORS

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16
Q

o Ensures the drug delivered arrives in
the RIGHT CONCENTRATION AT THE RIGHT TIME

A

DOSAGE FORMS / DRUG DELIVERY

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17
Q

studies PHYSICOCHEMICAL properties
o Physical Pharmacy
o Biopharmaceutics

A

PHARMACEUTICS

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18
Q

 What the BODY does to the drug
 ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

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19
Q

 What the DRUG does to the body
 MOA (Mechanism of Action)

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS

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20
Q
  • Physical, chemical, biological characteristics
  • Also important in the ADVANCEMENT OF DOSAGE FORMS
A

PHYSICAL PHARMACY

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21
Q

what are needed to create an ideal drug product

A
  1. Uniformly made with precise dose in each dosage form
  2. Working according to the prescribed regimen to provide therapeutic effects
  3. Physically stable & appealing
  4. Clearly labeled with storage conditions and expiration date
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22
Q

Drugs and pharmaceutical materials should be _______ with each other to produce a drug that is stable, efficacious, attractive, easy to administer, and safe.

A

COMPATIBLE

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23
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

physical description

A

PHYSICAL

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24
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

particle size

A

PHYSICAL

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25
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

melting point

A

PHYSICAL

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26
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

crystalline structure

A

PHYSICAL

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27
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

solubility

A

PHYSICAL

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28
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

molecular structure

A

CHEMICAL

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29
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

molecular form

A

CHEMICAL

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30
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

reactivity

A

CHEMICAL

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31
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

drug reaching the site of action

A

BIOLOGICAL

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32
Q

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL

elicit of biological response

A

BIOLOGICAL

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33
Q
  • MAJOR METHOD of achieving CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE
  • Developed by Alza under the name OROS
A

ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP

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34
Q

ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP is developed by

A

ALZA

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35
Q

ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP is developed under the name

A

OROS

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36
Q

RELEASE of drug from its dosage form

A

LIBERATION

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37
Q

into the bloodstream

A

ABSORPTION

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38
Q

to various parts of the body

A

DISTRIBUTION

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39
Q

by enzymes

A

METABOLISM

40
Q

through kidneys or other route

A

EXCRETION

41
Q

separation of charge

A

DIPOLE MOMENT

42
Q

NON-METALLIC SUBSTANCE having a HIGH SPECIFIC RESISTANCE, a negative temperature coefficient of resistance and a high insulating resistance

A

DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES

43
Q

Pharmaceutical ingredients solubilize, suspend, thicken, dilute, emulsify, stabilize, preserve, color, flavor, and fashion medicinal agents into efficacious and appealing dosage forms.

A

EXCIPIENTS

44
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
length

A

meter, m

45
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
mass

A

kilogram, kg

46
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
time

A

second, s

47
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
electric current

A

ampere, A

48
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
temperature

A

kelvin, K

49
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
luminous intensity

A

candela, cd

50
Q

UNIT & SYMBOL
amount of substance

A

mole, mol

51
Q

7 FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

A

length
mass
time
electric current
temperature
luminous intensity
amount of substance

52
Q
  • “Within molecules”, stronger
  • E.g., Ionic/electrovalent, and covalent bonds
A

INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES

53
Q
  • “Between molecules”
  • Easy to break
  • Attractive force BETWEEN neighboring molecules
  • E.g., Van der Waals Forces, H-bonds
A

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

54
Q

When molecules interact with each other, they do so by the actions

A

REPULSIVE & ATTRACTIVE FORCES

55
Q

“Together”

A

ATTRACTIVE FORCES

56
Q

like molecules

A

COHESIVE FORCES

57
Q

unlike molecules

A

ADHESIVE FORCES

58
Q

“Apart”

A

REPULSIVE FORCES

59
Q

at what distance are the attractive and repulsive forces EQUAL

A

3 - 4 x 10^-8 cm in distance

60
Q

BOND TYPE & ELECTRON SHARING

less than 0.5

A

NON POLAR, EQUALLY SHARED

61
Q

BOND TYPE & ELECTRON SHARING

0.5 - 1.9

A

POLAR COVALENT, UNEQUALLY SHARED

62
Q

BOND TYPE & ELECTRON SHARING

greater than 1.9

A

IONIC, TRANSFER –> element with higher EN

63
Q

ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE

non polar, equally shared

A

less than 0.5

64
Q

ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE

polar covalent, unequally shared

A

0.5 - 1.9

65
Q

ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE

ionic, transfer of electrons

A

greater than 1.9

66
Q

in polar covalent bonding, the unequally shared electron favors which element

A

element with higher EN

67
Q
  • this has a significant impact on attractive and repulsive forces
  • reliant on electronegativity
A

POLARITY

68
Q

ability to ATTRACT electrons

A

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

69
Q

relationship between EN & polarity

A

the higher the EN, the more polar the molecule

70
Q

A molecule with NO POLAR BONDS

A

NONPOLAR

71
Q

A molecule with ONE POLAR BOND

A

POLAR

72
Q

two factors that dictates the polarity of a molecule

A

POLARITY OF INDIVIDUAL BONDS
OVERALL SHAPE

73
Q

OH is present

A

POLAR

74
Q

hydrocarbon chain

A

NONPOLAR

75
Q

Van der Waals attractive forces

A

o Keesom forces
o Debye forces
o London forces

76
Q

charged particle

A

DIPOLE

77
Q

nonpolar, partial charging, happens in organic compounds only

A

INDUCED DIPOLE

78
Q

polar - polar, dipole - dipole

A

KEESOM

79
Q

polar - nonpolar, dipole - induced

A

DEBYE

80
Q

nonpolar - nonpolar, induced - induced

A

LONDON

81
Q

KEESOM forces has what effect

A

ORIENTATION effect

82
Q
  • Dipole-dipole forces / Ion-dipole interaction
  • Occur when polar molecules possessing permanent dipoles, having partial positively charged and a partial negatively charged end, interact. → Polar molecule + Polar molecule
A

KEESOM FORCES

83
Q

DEBYE forces has what effect

A

INDUCTION EFFECT

84
Q
  • Dipole-induced dipole forces
  • Occur when polar molecules produce a TEMPORARY ELECTRIC CHARGE DIPOLE in nonpolar molecules → polar molecule + non polar molecule
A

DEBYE FORCES

85
Q

LONDON forces has what effect

A

DISPERSION EFFECT

86
Q
  • Induced dipole-induced dipole forces
  • Occur in by INTERNAL VIBRATIONS in nonpolar molecules to produce attraction that arises because of FLUCTUATING DIPOLES in neighboring atoms → non polar molecule + non polar molecule
A

LONDON FORCES

87
Q

WEAKEST force

A

LONDON FORCES

88
Q

electrostatic force of attraction

A

KEESOM

89
Q

hydrogens can also exist as

A

DIATOMIC ATOM

90
Q

basis for standard polarity

A

WATER, if madissolve sa water then it is polar

91
Q

all IONIC BONDS are

A

POLAR

92
Q

if an atom gets a FORMAL CHARGE

A

IONIC BOND

93
Q
  • Molecules that are polar are attracted to EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGES → ion + polar molecule
A

ION-DIPOLE

94
Q
  • The forces of attraction are induced by the CLOSE PROXIMITY of a charged ion to the nonpolar molecule → ion + nonpolar molecule
A

ION - INDUCED DIPOLE

95
Q

can be intramolecular and intermolecular

A

HYDROGEN BOND

96
Q
  • It is the bond that cause the attraction of H atom for a strongly electronegative atom such as O, N, F, and S.
  • It is a STRONG TYPE OF DIPOLE-DIPOLE interaction.
  • It is PARTLY COVALENT in nature.
  • Responsible for the unusual properties of water such as HIGH BOILING POINT
A

HYDROGEN BOND

PHYPHARM (28 decks)

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