Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYPHARM > ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS > Flashcards

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

pharmaceutical solutions that are meant for application to delicate membranes of the body should also be adjusted to approximately the ____ with the body fluids

A

SAME OSMOTIC PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Causes no swelling or contraction of tissues
  • Produce no discomfort in the eye, nasal tract, blood or body tissues
  • Has the same salt concentration, hence same osmotic pressure as the RBC
A

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes outward passage (Shrinkage/Crenation)

A

HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes swelling, which leads to bursting (Hemolysis)

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A

greater than 0.9% NaCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypotonic Solutions

A

<0.9% NaCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NSS

A

normal saline solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

NaCl or other substance is added
1) Cryoscopic Method
2) Sodium chloride Equivalent Method

A

CLASS I METHODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Refers to the concentration of aqueous NaCl solution having the same colligative properties as the solution in question

A

ISOTONICITY VALUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

water is added to the drug, followed by sufficient
isotonic solution
1) White-Vincent Method
2) Sprowls Method

A

CLASS II METHODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Measurement of Tonicity

Based on the appearance of RBC suspended in solutions

A

HEMOLYTIC METHOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Measurement of Tonicity

Based on slight differences in vapor pressure, freezing point or boiling point

A

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HEMOLYTIC METHOD:
Hypotonic → ____

A

liberates oxyHgB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

CLASS I METHODS

A

1) Cryoscopic Method
2) Sodium chloride Equivalent Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • a.k.a. “tonicic equivalent” of a drug
  • the amount of NaCl that is equivalent to 1 gram of the drug
A

SODIUM CHLORIDE EQUIVALENT (E)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Liso VALUES

non electrolytes

A

1.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

CLASS II METHODS

A

1) White-Vincent Method
2) Sprowls Method

4
Q
A
5
Q

SODIUM CHLORIDE EQUIVALENT (E)

A

g NaCl / 1g of drug

6
Q

Liso VALUES

weak electrolytes

A

2.0

7
Q

Liso VALUES

di-divalent electrolytes

A

2.0

8
Q

Liso VALUES

uni-univalent electroylytes

A

3.4

9
Q

Liso VALUES

uni-divalent electrolytes

A

4.3

10
Q

Liso VALUES

di-univalent eelctrolytes

A

4.8

11
Q

Liso VALUES

uni-trivalent electrolytes

A

5.2

12
Q

Liso VALUES

tri-univalent electrolytes

A

6.0

13
Q

Liso VALUES

tetraborate electrolytes

A

7.6

14
Q

sucrose, glycerin, urea, camphor

A

nonelectrolytes

15
Q

boric acid, cocaine, phenobarbital

A

weak electrolytes

16
Q

magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate

A

di-divalent electrolytes

17
Q

sodium chloride, cocaine hydrochloride, sodium phenobarbital

A

uni-univalent electrolytes

18
Q

sodium sulfate, atropine sulfate

A

uni-divalent electrolytes

19
Q

zinc chloride, calcium bromide

A

di-univalent electrolytes

20
Q

sodium citrate, sodium phosphate

A

uni-trivalent electrolytes

21
Q

aluminum chloride, ferric iodide

A

tri-univalent electrolytes

22
Q

sodium borate, potassium borate

A

tetraborate eelctrolytes

23
Q

Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method

if NaCl is the tonicity agent

FORMULA

A

step 1: NaCldrug = Edrug x gdrug
or NaCldrug = Edrug x %drug/100 x mLsoln
step 2: NaCltotal = 0.009 x mLsoln
step 3: NaClneeded = NaCltotal - NaCldrug

24
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

If water and isotonic diluting agent are used, the volume in mL of isotonic solution that may be prepared by mixing drug with water, followed by isotonic diluting agent to the required volume

A

WHITE VINCENT METHOD

25
Q

WHITE VINCENT METHOD formula

A

V = w x E x 111.1
or
V = %drug / 100 x mLsoln x E x 111.1

26
Q

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

27
Q
  • Relative solute concentrations of two environments separated by a semi-permeable membrane
  • The concentration of only the solute that cannot cross a membrane
A

TONICITY

28
Q

Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method

If NaCl is not the tonicity agent

FORMULA

A

step 1: NaCldrug = Edrug x gdrug
or NaCldrug = Edrug x %drug/100 x mLsoln
step 2: NaCltotal = 0.009 x mLsoln
step 3: NaClneeded = NaCltotal - NaCldrug
step 4: gagent = NaCl needed / E agent

PHYPHARM (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions