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PHYPHARM > CHEM KINETICS PART 1 > Flashcards

CHEM KINETICS PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

To ensure that the patient receives the correct dose of a drug, the ____ must be known

A

rate of degradation

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2
Q

are chemical in nature and take place at definite rates

A

degradative reactions

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3
Q

the study of rate of a chemical reaction

A

chemical kinetics

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4
Q

speed of a chemical reaction

A

reaction rate

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5
Q

RAEACTION RATE

relationship between time, drug, and degradation

A

as time increases, drug decreases, degradation increases

drug degrades over time

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6
Q
  • Deals with the stability of drugs and the mode of action of their degradation through the examination of rate of reaction.
  • Can provide predictive information to anticipate stability problems
A

chemical kinetics

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7
Q

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Deals with the stability of drugs and the mode of action of their degradation through the examination of ____

A

RATE OF REACTION

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8
Q

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Can provide ____ to anticipate stability problems

A

PREDICTIVE INFORMATION

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9
Q

TYPES OF ORDER OF REACTION

constant amount is degraded

e.g. alcohol, aspirin

A

zero order

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10
Q

TYPES OF ORDER OF REACTION

follows zero order kinetics

A

straight line

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11
Q

the time required for one-half (50%) of the material to disappear

A

HALF-LIFE

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12
Q

the time required for 10% of the material to disappear

A

SHELF-LIFE

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13
Q

TYPES OF ORDER OF REACTION

constant fraction/percent of drug is degraded over time

A

first order kinetics

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14
Q

first order kinetics follows a what type of line

A

curved line

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15
Q

determination of order of reaction

A

graphical
half-life

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16
Q

REACTION RATE

ZERO order

A

independent to C

17
Q

REACTION RATE

FIRST order

A

directly proportional to C

18
Q

HALF LIFE

ZERO order

A

directly proportional to C

19
Q

HALF LIFE

FIRST order

A

independent to C

20
Q

the time period during which a drug product is expected to remain within the approved specification for use, provided that it is stored under the conditions defined on the container label

A

shelf life

21
Q

the date placed on the container label of a drug product designating the time prior to which a batch of the product is expected to remain within the approved shelf-life specification

A

expiration date

22
Q

DETERMINATION OF SHELF LIFE

used to predict temperature stability

A

arrhenius equation

23
Q

DETERMINATION OF SHELF LIFE

can estimate the effect of a 10° rise in temperature on the stability of pharmaceuticals

A

Q10 method

24
Q

EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF DRUG PRODUCTS

designed to increase the rate of chemical degradation or physical change of a drug or drug product by using exaggerated storage conditions

A

accelerated stability studies

25
Q

EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF DRUG PRODUCTS

  • carried out under more severe conditions than those used for accelerated testing
  • High temperature, humidity, high or low pH
A

stress testing

26
Q

DECOMPOSITION & STABILIZATION

  • a chemical bond is split via the addition of water
  • e.g. esters and amides
  • Protection:
    1. pH buffers
    2. Type of solvent
    3. Structure modification
A

hydrolysis

27
Q

DECOMPOSITION & STABILIZATION

  • transfer of electrons
  • e.g. steroids, vitamins, antibiotics
  • Protection:
    1. Low O2 content
    2. Antioxidants
    3. pH buffers
    4. Type of Solvent
A

oxidation

28
Q

DECOMPOSITION & STABILIZATION

  • absorption of radiant energy in the form of light
  • e.g. nifedipine, hydrocortisone
  • Protection:
    1. Storage condition
A

photolysis

29
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES

  • a substance that increases the reaction rate WITHOUT undergoing a net chemical change itself
  • lowers Ea
A

catalyst

30
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES

  • increase in KE
  • faster molecules
  • more collision
  • the reaction rate of virtually all reactions increases with increasing ____
A

temperature effects

31
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES

  • more reactant particles that collide
  • more often a reaction can occur
  • the reaction rate usually increases as the ____ of the reactants increases
A

concentration effects

32
Q

reactions occur when reactant molecules EFFECTIVELY COLLIDE

A

COLLISION THEORY

33
Q

facilitate the breaking and forming of bonds and the rearrangement of atoms

A

effective collision

PHYPHARM (28 decks)

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