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PHYPHARM > ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS > Flashcards

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

pharmaceutical solutions that are meant for application to delicate membranes of the body should also be adjusted to approximately the ____ with the body fluids

A

SAME OSMOTIC PRESSURE

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2
Q
  • Causes no swelling or contraction of tissues
  • Produce no discomfort in the eye, nasal tract, blood or body tissues
  • Has the same salt concentration, hence same osmotic pressure as the RBC
A

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

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3
Q

Causes outward passage (Shrinkage/Crenation)

A

HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS

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4
Q

Causes swelling, which leads to bursting (Hemolysis)

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

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5
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A

greater than 0.9% NaCl

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6
Q

Hypotonic Solutions

A

<0.9% NaCl

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7
Q

NSS

A

normal saline solution

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8
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

NaCl or other substance is added
1) Cryoscopic Method
2) Sodium chloride Equivalent Method

A

CLASS I METHODS

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9
Q

Refers to the concentration of aqueous NaCl solution having the same colligative properties as the solution in question

A

ISOTONICITY VALUE

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10
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

water is added to the drug, followed by sufficient
isotonic solution
1) White-Vincent Method
2) Sprowls Method

A

CLASS II METHODS

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11
Q

Measurement of Tonicity

Based on the appearance of RBC suspended in solutions

A

HEMOLYTIC METHOD

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12
Q

Measurement of Tonicity

Based on slight differences in vapor pressure, freezing point or boiling point

A

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

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13
Q

HEMOLYTIC METHOD:
Hypotonic → ____

A

liberates oxyHgB

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14
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

CLASS I METHODS

A

1) Cryoscopic Method
2) Sodium chloride Equivalent Method

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15
Q
  • a.k.a. “tonicic equivalent” of a drug
  • the amount of NaCl that is equivalent to 1 gram of the drug
A

SODIUM CHLORIDE EQUIVALENT (E)

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16
Q

Liso VALUES

non electrolytes

A

1.9

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17
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

CLASS II METHODS

A

1) White-Vincent Method
2) Sprowls Method

18
Q

SODIUM CHLORIDE EQUIVALENT (E)

A

g NaCl / 1g of drug

19
Q

Liso VALUES

weak electrolytes

A

2.0

20
Q

Liso VALUES

di-divalent electrolytes

A

2.0

21
Q

Liso VALUES

uni-univalent electroylytes

A

3.4

22
Q

Liso VALUES

uni-divalent electrolytes

A

4.3

23
Q

Liso VALUES

di-univalent eelctrolytes

A

4.8

24
Q

Liso VALUES

uni-trivalent electrolytes

A

5.2

25
Q

Liso VALUES

tri-univalent electrolytes

A

6.0

26
Q

Liso VALUES

tetraborate electrolytes

A

7.6

27
Q

sucrose, glycerin, urea, camphor

A

nonelectrolytes

28
Q

boric acid, cocaine, phenobarbital

A

weak electrolytes

29
Q

magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate

A

di-divalent electrolytes

30
Q

sodium chloride, cocaine hydrochloride, sodium phenobarbital

A

uni-univalent electrolytes

31
Q

sodium sulfate, atropine sulfate

A

uni-divalent electrolytes

32
Q

zinc chloride, calcium bromide

A

di-univalent electrolytes

33
Q

sodium citrate, sodium phosphate

A

uni-trivalent electrolytes

34
Q

aluminum chloride, ferric iodide

A

tri-univalent electrolytes

35
Q

sodium borate, potassium borate

A

tetraborate eelctrolytes

36
Q

Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method

if NaCl is the tonicity agent

FORMULA

A

step 1: NaCldrug = Edrug x gdrug
or NaCldrug = Edrug x %drug/100 x mLsoln
step 2: NaCltotal = 0.009 x mLsoln
step 3: NaClneeded = NaCltotal - NaCldrug

37
Q

Methods of Adjusting Tonicity

If water and isotonic diluting agent are used, the volume in mL of isotonic solution that may be prepared by mixing drug with water, followed by isotonic diluting agent to the required volume

A

WHITE VINCENT METHOD

38
Q

WHITE VINCENT METHOD formula

A

V = w x E x 111.1
or
V = %drug / 100 x mLsoln x E x 111.1

39
Q

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

40
Q
  • Relative solute concentrations of two environments separated by a semi-permeable membrane
  • The concentration of only the solute that cannot cross a membrane
A

TONICITY

41
Q

Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method

If NaCl is not the tonicity agent

FORMULA

A

step 1: NaCldrug = Edrug x gdrug
or NaCldrug = Edrug x %drug/100 x mLsoln
step 2: NaCltotal = 0.009 x mLsoln
step 3: NaClneeded = NaCltotal - NaCldrug
step 4: gagent = NaCl needed / E agent

PHYPHARM (28 decks)

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