Theories on Gender Inequality Flashcards
What did Parsons (funct)suggest?
Sex role theory (instrumental/expressive)
Differential socialisation
Women have lower human capital due to their domestic role
= inequality
What did Barron and Norris believe (Weberian)?
Women are clustered in the secondary labour market
What did Abbott find (Weberian)
Women’s careers are given less status - their husband’s career may be prioritised
What did West and Zimmerman find? (weberian)
Cultural myths about female employment, for example that they were less dependable
What did Oakley think created and reinforced gender inequality? (Lib fem)
Canalization and manipulation; the mother-housewife role restricting females
What did Wilkinson believe?
There has been a ‘genderquake’, girls see equality as their birthright?
What did Sharpe identify (Lib Fem)?
Shifting attitudes of girls towards work
What does Ansley believe creates gender inequality (Marxist Fem)?
Capitalism - women are ‘takers of shit’ who absorb their husband’s frustration
Sexism divides the workplace, making them easier to exploit
Women are part of the reserve army of labour
What does Brownmiller think? (Rad fem)
The fear of rape is used to control all women
What does Dworkin believe? (Rad fem)
Pornography creates sexual violence towards women
What does Coote think? (Rad fem)
Men use their personal and political power to control all aspects of women’s lives
What did Bhopal find? (Black fem)
A diversity of views - in her study of East London
What did Reynolds identify? (Black fem)
There was great difference in Black experiences
What did Gilroy emphasise (Black Fem)
We must be careful to avoid stereotyping black women when studying them
What does Walby think? (Dual Systems Theory)
Capitalism and patriarchy intersect to create female disadvantage - Marxism Feminism
What does the New Feminism believe
Walter - acknowledges the progress that has been made but identifies a need for feminism to tackle the remaining disadvantages
What is Preference Theory?
Hakim’s idea that women CHOOSE PT and flexible work, they are not victims
What does Postmodern/Difference feminism believe?
Brooks - diversity of females’ experiences, should not bee essentialistic
Smart -to progress there is a need to break down discourses individually
What does Connell believe?
There is emergence of new masculinities - however marginalised masculinities exist too (including w/c men who have lost their ‘patriarchal dividend’ over women)
What did Mac and Ghaill find?
A crisis of masculinity
What did Coward think?
There is a ‘new gender landscape’ and men are just as likely to be victims as women
What does Messerschmidt think?
Crime may be used to accomplish masculinity
What did Francis (interactionist) believe?
Boys are negatively labelled at school
