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A2 Sociology > Inequality - Social Class > Flashcards

Inequality - Social Class Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

(Health)

Marmot (1991)

A

‘Health gradient’ means more chance of ill health lower down the social hierarchy

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2
Q

(Health)

Wilkinson (1996)

A

Health gradient is caused by income inequality - eh stress

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3
Q

(Health)

Shaw (1999)

A

Poor health is a result of life hazards we have no choice in (eg poor diet and housing)

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4
Q

(Health)

How much higher is long standing illness for wc compared to mc?

A

50%

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5
Q

How much higher is infant mortality in wc families?

A

2 x

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6
Q

(Health)

How many years more active life do the ONS say the mc have?

A

17

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7
Q

(Health)

What has happened to the gap between life expectancy for professionals and wc?

A

It has grown even though average life expectancy has gone up

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8
Q

How much more likely are the wc to die from heart disease or cancer?

A

2 times

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9
Q 
(Education) 
Sutton Trust (2007) - private schools and oxbridge
A

7% go to private schools but 45% of these go to Oxbridge

70th brightest pupil at Eton as likely to go to Oxbridge as the brightest at state

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10
Q

(Education)

What is the % A*C for the top and bottom income 25% of districts?

A

top 25% - 72%

Bottom 25% - 38%

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11
Q

(Education)

Scott (1992)

A

Identified old boys network which formed a power bloc in the top institutions

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12
Q

(Education)

Roker (1994)

A

Hidden curriculum (bordieu) of private schools prepares for leadership, state encourages conformity and obedience

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13
Q

How many from wc vs professional backgrounds go to post-16 education?

A

Unskilled - 50%

Professional - over 90%

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14
Q

(Education)

Reay (2005)

A

More wc stay at unis close to home to cut debts

70% vs 30% of mc students

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15
Q

(Education)

Smith and Noble (1995)

A

Barriers to education exist for wc children due to material deprivation

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16
Q

(Education)

Campos and Leech (2004)

A

‘Selection by mortgage’ - homes near to good schools go up by around £25000

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17
Q

(Education)

Ball (1981)

A

Streaming is based on cultural capital not ability

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18
Q

Education

Gilborn

A

A-c economy - channellig into vocational subjects

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19
Q

What fraction of children on FSM get 5A*-C GCSEs?

A

1/3 on FSM, 2/3 not on FSM

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20
Q

(Education)

Bernstein

A

Restricted / elaborated code

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21
Q

Education

Douglas (1964)

A

Parents of wc have less value for education so support their children less

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22
Q

Education

Feinstein (2008)

A

Mc are more able to support education and form relationships with teachers

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23
Q

Education

Sugarman (1970)

A

Wc 4 values of ‘fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification and present time orientation’ prevent educational achievement - like miller’s focal concerns

24
Q

(Health)

Bottero (2005)

A

‘Social inequalities are written in the body’ - more occupational hazards in wc jobs mean more illness

25
Q

(Media)

Marxist view

A

Media representations of the middle-class as meritocratic reinforces the false class consciousness, hiding and perpetuating social inequality

26
Q

(Media)

Pluralist view

A

Media representations of the middle class accurately reflect how media consumers perceive their society

27
Q

Dodd and Dodd

Media

A

Eastenders portrays a supportive and nostalgic w/c community

28
Q

(Media)

Newman

A

W/c are often portrayed in the media in an unflattering and pitying light

29
Q

(Media)

Devereux

A

W/c are either portrayed as ‘happy and deserving poor’ or benefit scrougers

30
Q

(Media)

Jones

A

The term ‘chav’ is used to condemn w/c culture and people

31
Q

(Media)

Golding and Middleton

A

Media demonisation of the underclass justifies welfare cuts

32
Q

(Media)

Price

A

Shows (for example Benefits Street) are ‘poverty porn’ - they do not cause empathy from viewers

33
Q

(Policing/Victimisation)

Lea and Young (ICS)

A

In deprived areas there is more victimisation, 1/3 of people are affected by serious crime in last year
1/4 always avoided going out after dark
28% felt unsafe in their own homes
Mistrust of police reduced reporting

34
Q

(P/V)

Felson and Clarke

A 
Criticize zero tolerance policing for focusing on the working class, ignoring powerful. 
Surveillance and situational prevention displaces crime to working class areas
35
Q

Joseph Rowntree Foundation

P/V

A

Poverty and joining a gang were linked: gave people a higher sense of belonging but also increased victimisation and reduced life chances

36
Q

(P/V)

Scraton

A

Police are an occupying force imposed upon the w/c - they are a repressive state apparatus used to prevent revolution

37
Q

Reiner

P/V

A

The police canteen culture sees working class youths as their main targets

38
Q

Morgan and Russell

P/V

A

70% of high court magistrates are from professional backgrounds

39
Q

Croall

P/V

A

Middle class and upper class crime tends to be white collar/occupational crime - is less visible and taken less seriously

40
Q

Tombs

P/V

A

Corporate crime is taken less seriously than street crime; laws reflect the economic and political interest of large corporations and capitalism

41
Q

Box (P/V)

A

Reporting of corporate crimes is ‘mystified’

42
Q

Tombs and Whte (P/V)

A

Media see corporate crime as ‘dull’ so report it less. Also more likely to be seen as a ‘scandal or abuse’ not a crime

43
Q

Cicourel (P/V)

A

Police act upon stereotypical assumptions of what is the typical deviant/delinquent - often working class

44
Q

The Institute for Fiscal Studies

Wealth

A

Income equality is now at its highest since 1940,
top 10% of earners receive 40% of income,
bottom 10% only receive 3%

45
Q

ONS 2012 (Wealth)

A

Wealthiest half of population have 90% of all wealth

May lack validity; it is in the interests of the wealthy to hide their wealth from the government

46
Q

The Times Rich List 2012 (wealth)

A

The richest 200 families in the UK have $225 billion wealth

47
Q

Tony Atkinson

wealth

A

Inherited wealth is increasing, 1/3 all wealth is inherited

48
Q

Feinstein

wealth

A

Found a child born to a labourer is 6 time more likely to suffer from extreme poverty than that of a lawyer

49
Q

Guy Standing

wealth

A

identified a precariat (linked to Barron and Norris)

50
Q

In 2013 which % of people were living in poverty?

A

21% in relative poverty (including 27% of all children)

51
Q

Scott

wealth

A

Unified upper class which practise social closure

52
Q

Charlesworth

wealth

A

Globalization has led to a decline in men’s work and a culture of unemployment and suffering

53
Q

Blackman

wealth

A

Ethnographic study of a group of homeless people, found they did not have ‘subcultural values’ but suffered due to structural values

54
Q

Hutton

wealth

A

30:30:40 thesis

55
Q

Bradley

wealth

A

polarization between the rich and poor

A2 Sociology (49 decks)

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