Locality and Crime: Explaining C/D Flashcards
What does Right Realism (environmental approach) suggest?
Some areas ARE more criminal
What is Shaw and McKay’s theory (Right Realism)?
There is a ‘zone of transition’ which is the most deprived area with a high turnover of population and high crime despite who lived there. High level of social disorganisation = low social control.
Cultural transmission - in this area some now saw crime as acceptable, increasing crime and socialising next generation into criminal norms/values
What was Sutherland and Cressey’s theory (Right Realism)?
Differential association - criminal behaviour is due to associating the criminal role models
(frequency; duration; priority; intensity)
Therefore some areas are more criminal as crime is ‘spread’
What was Baldwin and Bottom’s theory (Right Realism)?
Studied 2 council estates separated by a road, one had three times higher crime rate. Suggested that the high crime estate had ‘tipped’ - low informal control led to law abiding crimes moving out, relatives of families moved in
What was Skogan (Right Realism)’s theory?
Breakdown in community social control lead to lae abiding citizens moving out, weakening social bonds, lowering house prices = the area becomes a ‘crime zone’
What was Cohen and Felson’s idea? (R Realism)
Routine activities:
time of day is also important - situational crime prevention is needed
Also, need for ‘capable guardian’ (police and neighbourhood watch)
What did the Joseph Rowntree Foundation find?
Gangs are mostly 13-17 year olds in deprived areas
What does Left Realism suggest?
Lea and Young - subculture, relative deprivation, marginalisation and inequalities = crime
Although some localities may be more criminal they are just as much victims as others
What does Interactionism suggest?
No area is more criminal
Becker - some areas are labelled as more criminal
Cicourel - police hold stereotypical assumptions of some areas
What does Marxism say?
Chambliss - the police are a repressive state apparatus, they target working class areas as these present the mos threat of revolution
What does Feminism say about locality and crime?
Considering location ignores domestic crimes against women
