Intersection Evidence Flashcards
Social class, ethnicity and gender in education
24% of white boys on free school meals got 5A*-C GCSEs, compared to 27% Black FSM boys
Ethnicity and gender in education
Black males have the highest rate of exclusion and SEN diagnosis
What did Wright suggest?
Stereotypical assumptions of race overlap with gender in education
What did Gillborn find in education?
Class background has 2 times the effect of ethnicity and 5 times the effect of gender on achievement
What did Osler find?
Focus on working class males ignores the underachievement of working class girls (education)
What did Sontag find?
The silver ceiling applies to female presenters (gender/age)
What did Hall find?
Negative media representations of young Black males
gender/age/ethnicity
What did Boycott find?
Negative media images of older women (age/gender)
What did the Runnymeae Trust suggest?
Islamophobia stereotypes both Muslim men and women (gender/ethnicity)
What did the GUMG find?
Media representations of white working class males are often negative (gender/class/ethnicity)
What did Webster suggest?
Media portrayed even the white underclass as 'social scum' (class/ethnicity)
What did Lea and Young’s ICS find?
Highest victimisation of young women and EM males
What did Cicourel find?
Police held stereotypes for young w/c males and ethnic minorities
Which did Miller suggest?
young working class males focal concerns increase crime
What is the difference between white and black unemployment rates?
White - 5%
Black - 14%
What is the diference between youth unemployment for whites/b&p
In 2004 -
White - 11%
B&P - 35%
What is the discrepancy in earnings for EM professional men?
EM professional men earn 25% less than similarly qualified white men - £1.80 less per hour
What is the unemployment rate for Black graduates?
They have a two times higher unemployment rate than White grads
What % of Bangladeshi women are not in or seeking work?
75%
What did Modood find?
Cultural traditions such as purdah reduced emplyment for women
What did Butler find?
Young Muslim women negotiated identity in the family, increasing freedom
That did Hardill find?
Increased equality in dual earner families
What did Dermott find?
A rise in intimate fathering
Which two theories say little about intersection?
Functionalism and Marxism
Which three Neo-Marxist theorists discuss intersection?
Gramsci - ideology helps maintain the ruling class
Hall - black muggers in media
McDonald - elderly form the reserve army of labour
What do Feminist theorists say intersects?
Ansley - class and gender Walby dual systems theory - class and patriarchy Messerschmidt - adds masculinity
What does Weberian theory find?
Barron and Norris/Hutton - gender/age/ethnicity lead to being in the secondary market
Dawn Butler- status clevage overlap with identity eg female/black
What does Postmodernism suggest about intersection?
Hall - identity is fragmented - no 'master identity' Pakulski and Water - class is dead, consumption is more important
What does the Late Modernist theorist Bradley believe?
Class/gender/age/ethnicity etc still have an impact on identity, not just consumption
