Intersection Evidence

Question 1

Social class, ethnicity and gender in education

Answer 1

24% of white boys on free school meals got 5A*-C GCSEs, compared to 27% Black FSM boys

Question 2

Ethnicity and gender in education

Answer 2

Black males have the highest rate of exclusion and SEN diagnosis

Question 3

What did Wright suggest?

Answer 3

Stereotypical assumptions of race overlap with gender in education

Question 4

What did Gillborn find in education?

Answer 4

Class background has 2 times the effect of ethnicity and 5 times the effect of gender on achievement

Question 5

What did Osler find?

Answer 5

Focus on working class males ignores the underachievement of working class girls
(education)

Question 6

What did Sontag find?

Answer 6

The silver ceiling applies to female presenters (gender/age)

Question 7

What did Hall find?

Answer 7

Negative media representations of young Black males

gender/age/ethnicity

Question 8

What did Boycott find?

Answer 8

Negative media images of older women (age/gender)

Question 9

What did the Runnymeae Trust suggest?

Answer 9

Islamophobia stereotypes both Muslim men and women (gender/ethnicity)

Question 10

What did the GUMG find?

Answer 10

Media representations of white working class males are often negative
(gender/class/ethnicity)

Question 11

What did Webster suggest?

Answer 11

Media portrayed even the white underclass as 'social scum' 
(class/ethnicity)

Question 12

What did Lea and Young’s ICS find?

Answer 12

Highest victimisation of young women and EM males

Question 13

What did Cicourel find?

Answer 13

Police held stereotypes for young w/c males and ethnic minorities

Question 14

Which did Miller suggest?

Answer 14

young working class males focal concerns increase crime

Question 15

What is the difference between white and black unemployment rates?

Answer 15

White - 5%

Black - 14%

Question 16

What is the diference between youth unemployment for whites/b&p

Answer 16

In 2004 -
White - 11%
B&P - 35%

Question 17

What is the discrepancy in earnings for EM professional men?

Answer 17

EM professional men earn 25% less than similarly qualified white men - £1.80 less per hour

Question 18

What is the unemployment rate for Black graduates?

Answer 18

They have a two times higher unemployment rate than White grads

Question 19

What % of Bangladeshi women are not in or seeking work?

Answer 19

75%

Question 20

What did Modood find?

Answer 20

Cultural traditions such as purdah reduced emplyment for women

Question 21

What did Butler find?

Answer 21

Young Muslim women negotiated identity in the family, increasing freedom

Question 22

That did Hardill find?

Answer 22

Increased equality in dual earner families

Question 23

What did Dermott find?

Answer 23

A rise in intimate fathering

Question 24

Which two theories say little about intersection?

Answer 24

Functionalism and Marxism

Question 25

Which three Neo-Marxist theorists discuss intersection?

Answer 25

Gramsci - ideology helps maintain the ruling class
Hall - black muggers in media
McDonald - elderly form the reserve army of labour

Question 26

What do Feminist theorists say intersects?

Answer 26

Ansley - class and gender
Walby dual systems theory - class and patriarchy
Messerschmidt - adds masculinity

Question 27

What does Weberian theory find?

Answer 27

Barron and Norris/Hutton - gender/age/ethnicity lead to being in the secondary market
Dawn Butler- status clevage overlap with identity eg female/black

Question 28

What does Postmodernism suggest about intersection?

Answer 28

Hall - identity is fragmented - no 'master identity'
Pakulski and Water - class is dead, consumption is more important

Question 29

What does the Late Modernist theorist Bradley believe?

Answer 29

Class/gender/age/ethnicity etc still have an impact on identity, not just consumption