Ethnicity and Inequality Flashcards
What did the British Social Attitudes survey find about racist attitudes?
25% said they were racially prejudiced in 2000, 31% in 2002)
Rothon and Heath - what caused the rise in racist attitudes 2000-2002?
Negative portrayals of EMs in the media (eg as asylum seekers, immigrants and terrorists)
What did the Runnymeade Trust find in the media
Islamophobia in the media encourages a cultural view that Muslims are a threat - this is a new ‘discourse’
What does media coverage of social unrest cause?
A blaming of EM for violence without explaining the actual causes
What did Philio and Beattie find about moral panics? (GUMG)
The media equate all immigrants with illegal immigrants - portraying all as a threat
Ameli - media
Found the media portrays all Muslims as the same and the ‘enemy within’ - any Muslim is seen as having the ability to become extreme, the media rarelt shows events from a Muslim perspective
Van Dijk - Blacks in the media
Blacks are often portrayed in the media as criminal
Atkini - media
The media often portrays a superficial and inaccurate view of Black life, focuses on negatives
Agbetu - media
‘a Black person in the media has three attributes: criminality, sports or entertainment’
What did the BBC find in 2002?
Asian audiences were dissatisified by the lack of differentiation between Asian groups in the media
What did Shah find? (media)
EMs are ‘props’ in the media, ‘tokenism’ occurs even when it doesn’t make sense/is incongruous
What did Hall and Sewell find?
Moral panics in the media affected perceptions of EMs
What did Barker find - media?
Media plays down the impact of racism
What did Bowie find (adv)?
Media representations of Chinese are less discriminatory
What did Solomos and Back find (adv)?
There are now more common and positive representations of EMs in the media
What did a content analysis of the news in 1997 find?
The news contained antiracist messages
How much more likely are Blacks to be out of work?
3 times more likely than Whites
What did the Hills Report (2010) find about pay inequality?
Black EMs receive between 13-21% less than White employees - an average whites earn £1.80 more per hour
What did the Joseph Rowntree Foundation find in 2007 (work)?
In managerial positions black men earn an average of 25% less than whites
How much more likely are African-Caribbean and African graduates to be out of work?
Af-Car: 2 times, Af: 3 times
What does Yi Cheung call discrepancies in work?
The ethnic penalty
What did Jenkins find about the interview process?
It was impacted by stereotypical assumptions
What the did the Cabinet Office blame for lower Black EM employment?
A lack of social capital
What did Bhopal find about EM female employment?
Due to traditional gender roles Bangladeshi and Pakistani women often have to stay at home - this restricts them to lowly paid jobs within the home (purdah - seclusion of women)
