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A2 Sociology > Ethnicity and Inequality > Flashcards

Ethnicity and Inequality Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did the British Social Attitudes survey find about racist attitudes?

A

25% said they were racially prejudiced in 2000, 31% in 2002)

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2
Q

Rothon and Heath - what caused the rise in racist attitudes 2000-2002?

A

Negative portrayals of EMs in the media (eg as asylum seekers, immigrants and terrorists)

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3
Q

What did the Runnymeade Trust find in the media

A

Islamophobia in the media encourages a cultural view that Muslims are a threat - this is a new ‘discourse’

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4
Q

What does media coverage of social unrest cause?

A

A blaming of EM for violence without explaining the actual causes

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5
Q

What did Philio and Beattie find about moral panics? (GUMG)

A

The media equate all immigrants with illegal immigrants - portraying all as a threat

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6
Q

Ameli - media

A

Found the media portrays all Muslims as the same and the ‘enemy within’ - any Muslim is seen as having the ability to become extreme, the media rarelt shows events from a Muslim perspective

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7
Q

Van Dijk - Blacks in the media

A

Blacks are often portrayed in the media as criminal

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8
Q

Atkini - media

A

The media often portrays a superficial and inaccurate view of Black life, focuses on negatives

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9
Q

Agbetu - media

A

‘a Black person in the media has three attributes: criminality, sports or entertainment’

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10
Q

What did the BBC find in 2002?

A

Asian audiences were dissatisified by the lack of differentiation between Asian groups in the media

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11
Q

What did Shah find? (media)

A

EMs are ‘props’ in the media, ‘tokenism’ occurs even when it doesn’t make sense/is incongruous

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12
Q

What did Hall and Sewell find?

A

Moral panics in the media affected perceptions of EMs

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13
Q

What did Barker find - media?

A

Media plays down the impact of racism

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14
Q

What did Bowie find (adv)?

A

Media representations of Chinese are less discriminatory

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15
Q

What did Solomos and Back find (adv)?

A

There are now more common and positive representations of EMs in the media

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16
Q

What did a content analysis of the news in 1997 find?

A

The news contained antiracist messages

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17
Q

How much more likely are Blacks to be out of work?

A

3 times more likely than Whites

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18
Q

What did the Hills Report (2010) find about pay inequality?

A

Black EMs receive between 13-21% less than White employees - an average whites earn £1.80 more per hour

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19
Q

What did the Joseph Rowntree Foundation find in 2007 (work)?

A

In managerial positions black men earn an average of 25% less than whites

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20
Q

How much more likely are African-Caribbean and African graduates to be out of work?

A

Af-Car: 2 times, Af: 3 times

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21
Q

What does Yi Cheung call discrepancies in work?

A

The ethnic penalty

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22
Q

What did Jenkins find about the interview process?

A

It was impacted by stereotypical assumptions

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23
Q

What the did the Cabinet Office blame for lower Black EM employment?

A

A lack of social capital

24
Q

What did Bhopal find about EM female employment?

A

Due to traditional gender roles Bangladeshi and Pakistani women often have to stay at home - this restricts them to lowly paid jobs within the home (purdah - seclusion of women)

25
Q

What did the Cabinet Office find about employment of Pakistani men?

A

1/8 are taxi drivers compared to 1/100 average population

26
Q

What percentage of young Bangladeshi and Indians are unemployed?

A

35%, compared to 11% white

27
Q

What % of Muslim men are employed compared to Christian men?

A

13% Muslim men compared to 4% Christian

28
Q

Which EM group suffers the largest pay gap?

A

Bangladeshi

29
Q

What did the Joseph Rowntree Foundation find about EMs and poverty levels?

A

40% of EMS live in poverty including 50% of EM children - compared to 20% of Whites

30
Q

How many Bangladeshi and Indian women do not work?

A

Around 70%

31
Q

Which sector is the largest employer of EM groups?

A

The service sector (about 70% Bangladeshi men employed here) - often low paid, part time and insecure

32
Q

Which EM group is the best paid and highest earning?

A

Chinese - evidence of advantaged EM

ONS finds they are the most likely EM group to be in the professional/managerial classes

33
Q

Which % of small UK businesses are owned by which EM?

A

25% by Indians

34
Q

Which % of Indian men are in professional work?

A

47% compared to 41% whites

35
Q

Which EM are the least likely to face discrimination?

A

Indian

36
Q

How many more Chinese people have Uni qualifications than White?

A

2 times more - gender does not make a difference

37
Q

How many racist incidents were reported in schools in 2002-6?

A

10,000 (Mirza)

38
Q

What does Wright say about EMs in schools?

A

Assumptions that Asians are passive means that Asians are ignored

39
Q

How many Bangladeshi children have one or more A levels?

A

Under 40% (45% white)

40
Q

Which percentage of Bangladeshi children’s parents do not have qualifications?

A

83%

41
Q

What did the DfES report was the Black A*-C GCSE rate?

A

48% Blacks get 5A-C compared to 58% of Whites

42
Q

What did Gillborn find in schools?

A

Institutional racism

43
Q

What did the Wanless Report find happened in schools?

A

Although Black pupils performed better than White on entrance tests, if the tests were based on pupil observation Black pupils did worse

44
Q

Which % of children claim a racist attack happens to them at least once a week?

A

25% report racist name calling at least once a week (DfES)

45
Q

Which % of Indian children achieve 5A*-C GCSEs?

A

70% (58% White, 48% Black)

46
Q

What did Connolly find (education)?

A

Teachers ignore the bad behaviour of Asian boysq

47
Q

What is evidence that some EM children are making progress in education?

A

Gains in achievement of 28% (Bangladeshi) and 22% (Indian) - closed the gap with the national average

48
Q

What did the Macpherson Report find?

A

Institutional racism within the police

49
Q

What did Lea and Young say about EM Victimisation?

A

Their risk of victimisation was higher, but it was underreported

50
Q

How many racially motivated crimes were there in 2006-7?

A

6,000 (an increase of 28% from 2001)

51
Q

Which act added ‘racially motivated attacks’ to the law?

A

Crime and Disorder Act 1998

52
Q

What did the Ofcom study 2008 find?

A

That EM adults are more likely to download/access media - more influenced by it??

53
Q

What did the GMUG 2000 find?

A

A drastic reduction (50%) in factual programmes about the developing world

54
Q

What did Rutland find in schools?

A

Children could hide their racist prejudices

55
Q

What is the difference in infant mortality for African mothers?

A

100% higher

56
Q

What is the Pakistani and Bangladeshi health disadvantage?

A

5 times higher rate of diabetes

50% higher heart disease

57
Q

What is the % chance of ill health for all EMs?

A

30% higher chance of ill health

A2 Sociology (49 decks)

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