Theories of aggression Flashcards
Define the frustration-aggression hypothesis
It says aggression stems from a ‘goal being blocked’.
Give three characteristics of the frustration-aggression hypothesis
- Aggression is inevitable when goals are blocked
- F = A
- A successful release of aggression can lead to catharsis
What is catharsis?
Using sport as an outlet for aggression
Give 2 limitations of the frustration-aggression hypothesis
- No allowance for situation or environment
- Some players can channel their frustration
Define the aggressive cue hypothesis
States that aggression is caused by a learned cue or trigger
Give examples of what the learned trigger may be within the aggressive cue hypothesis
- Objects (bats)
- Positive reinforcement - praise to be aggressive!
What are some examples of how a goal is blocked - leading to frustration
- Losing
- Being fouled
- Poor performance of self/teammates
Give three characteristics of the aggressive cue hypothesis
- Stimulated by an environmental cue
- Involve arousal levels increasing
- Aggressive cue must be present
Give 2 limitations of the aggressive cue hypothesis
- Not all aggression needs a cue
- Not all aggression is learned
Define the instinct theory
States that all aggression is due to genetic characteristics
Give 3 characteristics of the instinct theory
- Innate
- Aggression is genetically inherited
- If anyone is provoked, then they will act in an aggressive manner
Give 2 limitations of the instinct theory
- Some people aren’t genetically pre-determined to act aggressively
- Once aggression is released, catharsis occurs and we calm down
Define the social learning theory
That aggression stems from observing others
Give 3 characteristics of the social learning theory
- Based on observations
- From significant others
- More likely to copy if consistent
Name 2 limitations of the social learning theory
- Aggression is reactive
- Ignores traits and genetics
