Arousal - Inverted U and Catastrophe theory Flashcards
What is the Inverted U theory?
A theory linking arousal and performance by stating that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point at moderate arousal levels.
What is the catastrophe theory?
A theory suggesting that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance when arousal increases beyond the optimal.
What is under-arousal also known as?
Boredom - performance levels are low
What is optimal arousal also known as?
Moderate - performance levels are high
What is over-arousal also known as?
Panic - deterioration in performance
What factors affect the optimum level of arousal?
- Experience
- Personality
- The task
How does the optimum level of arousal in cognitive performers differ from autonomous performers?
- Doesn’t work well under pressure
- High probability of poor performance
- Needs to operate at lower levels of arousal to not become too agitated and stay calm
How does the optimum level of arousal in autonomous performers differ from cognitive performers?
- Used to dealing with pressure so can deal with tasks effectively
- High levels of performance at high levels of arousal.
How does the optimum level of arousal in extroverts differ from introverts?
- Operate at higher levels of arousal to get best performance
- Have naturally low levels of activation so can tolerate any increases in arousal
How does the optimum levels of arousal in introverts differ from extroverts?
- Operate at much lower levels of arousal for best performance
- Have naturally high levels of adrenaline, therefore work better at lower levels of arousal
How does optimum arousal differ between gross and fine tasks?
Gross - Tasks using large muscle groups can be performed at high levels of arousal
Fine - Tasks using small muscle groups, which focus on precision and control - will be better performed at low levels of arousal
How does optimum arousal differ between simple and complex tasks?
Simple - Requires low decision making = executed at high levels of arousal
Complex - involves decision making and ability to process large amounts of info - therefore may need to work at lower levels of arousal
What does the catastrophe theory suggest?
That increased arousal causes a sudden dramatic reduction in performance (not gradual!)
What is somatic anxiety?
Physiological anxiety
What is cognitive anxiety?
Psychological anxiety
What is the catastrophe theory caused by?
High levels of both somatic and cognitive anxieties.
How and when can a performer regain control after the sudden reduction in performance?
If the initial cause of the anxiety is mild and the performer has time to recover then a performer can use stress management techniques to reduce arousal.
What happens if a performer fails to regain control?
Panic occurs, causing a further increase in arousal and a further decrease in performance
Give a sporting example of the catastrophe theory
Harry Kane missed penalty against France in the quarter finals of the 2022 World Cup in Qatar
