Personality Flashcards
Define personality
Unique psychological make up
Define extrovert
Have loud and bright personalities
Define introvert
Have quiet and reserved personalities
What is the social learning theory?
Suggests that behaviour is learnt from a significant other by socialisation
What is the trait theory?
A theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour
What is the interactionist perspective?
A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation
What is Lewin’s formula?
When B = f(PxE): behaviour is a function of personality and environment
What is the credulous approach?
When the link between personality and behaviour is accepted
What is the sceptical approach?
When the link between personality and behaviour is doubted
What is the nature vs nurture debate?
Some psychologists argue that personality is innate, whereas some argue that they are learned.
Give 3 characteristics of an extrovert
- Outgoing
- Very confident
- Enjoy team sports
Give 3 characteristics of an introvert
- Quiet
- Reserved
- Prefer individual sports
Give 4 characteristics/features of the trait theory
- Genetic based
- Stable - permanent in differing situations
- Consistent
- Predictable
Why do people not believe the trait theory?
Because personalities and behaviour can change based off a situation.
It doesn’t consider that personalities can be formed based off experience
Give 4 characteristics/features of social learning approach
- Learnt from significant others influence
- Picked up through socialisation
- Cannot be predicted
- More likely to copy behaviour if it is consistently shown to us
What is the statement linked to social learning theory?
Observe -> identify -> reinforce -> copy
What are the setbacks of the social learning approach
- Completely disregards the genetical aspects to trait
- Hard to measure the influence of learning
- Some people never change
What are the advantages of the trait theory?
- Simple
- Measurable
- Explains the biological role
What are the advantages of the social learning approach?
- Explains the influence of the environment
- Gives control to coach/teacher
What is the interactionist perspective?
Believes that behaviours can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It combines the two previous theories.
What are the 2 models within the interactionist perspective?
- Lewins model
- Hollander model
What is the Lewin model?
Suggests that an individuals personality is produced when both their natural traits and the experiences they have learned combine in a specific situation.
Give an example of Lewis model in sport
An introverted gymnast is reserved ordinarily, but she has learned to adapt when performing and displays more assertive, extroverted characteristics during competition to appeal to the judges.
What are the three aspects of hollanders model?
- Core
- Typical response
- Role related response
What is the core in Hollanders model?
The real you and your true beliefs/values. Represents stable aspects of your personality
What is the typical response in Hollanders model?
Describes how individuals usually respond
What is the role-related response in Hollanders model?
How an individual responds in a specific environment. This may be uncharacteristic behaviour.
What does Hollander believe?
That the environment does influence behaviour
Give an example of the Hollander model in sport
- Performer has core values of being a holding shooter
- Typically responds by holding a defender and creating space for the ball to reach them from the WA/C
- However a role related response of becoming a moving shooter to try and keep the defender out of play is employed due to the defender contacting the holding movements.
How can the interactionist perspective improve performance?
- Allows coach to predict situations and avoid specific aspects of personality being displayed.
- Coach can create situations in training or experiences to cause change in behaviour.
Name 3 limitations of the interactionist perspective
- Particular competitive situations may require varying behavioural responses from a performer
- A performers core values may be hard to alter, therefore hindering performance as they can’t adapt to certain situations
- Reinforcement from significant others could lead to the behaviour of a performer being continued.
