Personality

Question 1

Define personality

Answer 1

Unique psychological make up

Question 2

Define extrovert

Answer 2

Have loud and bright personalities

Question 3

Define introvert

Answer 3

Have quiet and reserved personalities

Question 4

What is the social learning theory?

Answer 4

Suggests that behaviour is learnt from a significant other by socialisation

Question 5

What is the trait theory?

Answer 5

A theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour

Question 6

What is the interactionist perspective?

Answer 6

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation

Question 7

What is Lewin’s formula?

Answer 7

When B = f(PxE): behaviour is a function of personality and environment

Question 8

What is the credulous approach?

Answer 8

When the link between personality and behaviour is accepted

Question 9

What is the sceptical approach?

Answer 9

When the link between personality and behaviour is doubted

Question 10

What is the nature vs nurture debate?

Answer 10

Some psychologists argue that personality is innate, whereas some argue that they are learned.

Question 11

Give 3 characteristics of an extrovert

Answer 11

• Outgoing
• Very confident
• Enjoy team sports

Question 12

Give 3 characteristics of an introvert

Answer 12

• Quiet
• Reserved
• Prefer individual sports

Question 13

Give 4 characteristics/features of the trait theory

Answer 13

• Genetic based
• Stable - permanent in differing situations
• Consistent
• Predictable

Question 14

Why do people not believe the trait theory?

Answer 14

Because personalities and behaviour can change based off a situation.
It doesn’t consider that personalities can be formed based off experience

Question 15

Give 4 characteristics/features of social learning approach

Answer 15

• Learnt from significant others influence
• Picked up through socialisation
• Cannot be predicted
• More likely to copy behaviour if it is consistently shown to us

Question 16

What is the statement linked to social learning theory?

Answer 16

Observe -> identify -> reinforce -> copy

Question 17

What are the setbacks of the social learning approach

Answer 17

• Completely disregards the genetical aspects to trait
• Hard to measure the influence of learning
• Some people never change

Question 18

What are the advantages of the trait theory?

Answer 18

• Simple
• Measurable
• Explains the biological role

Question 19

What are the advantages of the social learning approach?

Answer 19

• Explains the influence of the environment
• Gives control to coach/teacher

Question 20

What is the interactionist perspective?

Answer 20

Believes that behaviours can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It combines the two previous theories.

Question 21

What are the 2 models within the interactionist perspective?

Answer 21

• Lewins model
• Hollander model

Question 22

What is the Lewin model?

Answer 22

Suggests that an individuals personality is produced when both their natural traits and the experiences they have learned combine in a specific situation.

Question 23

Give an example of Lewis model in sport

Answer 23

An introverted gymnast is reserved ordinarily, but she has learned to adapt when performing and displays more assertive, extroverted characteristics during competition to appeal to the judges.

Question 24

What are the three aspects of hollanders model?

Answer 24

• Core
• Typical response
• Role related response

Question 25

What is the core in Hollanders model?

Answer 25

The real you and your true beliefs/values. Represents stable aspects of your personality

Question 26

What is the typical response in Hollanders model?

Answer 26

Describes how individuals usually respond

Question 27

What is the role-related response in Hollanders model?

Answer 27

How an individual responds in a specific environment. This may be uncharacteristic behaviour.

Question 28

What does Hollander believe?

Answer 28

That the environment does influence behaviour

Question 29

Give an example of the Hollander model in sport

Answer 29

- Performer has core values of being a holding shooter - Typically responds by holding a defender and creating space for the ball to reach them from the WA/C - However a role related response of becoming a moving shooter to try and keep the defender out of play is employed due to the defender contacting the holding movements.

Question 30

How can the interactionist perspective improve performance?

Answer 30

- Allows coach to predict situations and avoid specific aspects of personality being displayed. - Coach can create situations in training or experiences to cause change in behaviour.

Question 31

Name 3 limitations of the interactionist perspective

Answer 31

- Particular competitive situations may require varying behavioural responses from a performer - A performers core values may be hard to alter, therefore hindering performance as they can't adapt to certain situations - Reinforcement from significant others could lead to the behaviour of a performer being continued.